CA1216325A - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents
Electrochemical cellInfo
- Publication number
- CA1216325A CA1216325A CA000452478A CA452478A CA1216325A CA 1216325 A CA1216325 A CA 1216325A CA 000452478 A CA000452478 A CA 000452478A CA 452478 A CA452478 A CA 452478A CA 1216325 A CA1216325 A CA 1216325A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- cathode
- cell
- polymeric material
- lithium salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Electrochemical Cell A solid state electrochemical cell comprises an anode having lithium as its active material, a polymeric electrolyte, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material or similarly active material and a polymeric material.
One of the electrolyte and the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase at ambient temperature and the other of the electrolyte and the cathode lacks such a phase. Ionic conductivity can be induced in said other of the electrolyte and cathode at elevated temperature thereby to render the cell operable and give rise to improvements in comparison with cells where such phases are present ab initio.
One of the electrolyte and the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase at ambient temperature and the other of the electrolyte and the cathode lacks such a phase. Ionic conductivity can be induced in said other of the electrolyte and cathode at elevated temperature thereby to render the cell operable and give rise to improvements in comparison with cells where such phases are present ab initio.
Description
63;2S
Electrochemical Cell This invention relates to a solid state electrochemical cell comprising an anode having lithium as its active material, a polymeric electrolyte, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material or similarly active material, and a polymeric material.
A solid state electrochemical cell comprising a Li or Li-based anode, a lithium ion conducting polymeric electrolyte, and a cathode based on an insertion electrode 6 13' 2 5 S2 s known.
See, for example, United States Patent No. 4303748. In order to achieve high active cathode utilizations at realistic current densities, the cathode may be constructed as a composite structure comprising the insertion electrode material (active catholyte), the polymer electrolyte and, if required, an electronically conducting medium such as graphite. Examples of preferred proportions are: 20~ to 70% polymer electrolyte, 30% to 80% active catholyte and, if required, 1% to 20% of an electronically conducting medium, where all percentages are by volume.
The invention is concerned with an electrochemical cell of the above kind but in which one of the electrolyte and the cathode lacks an ionically conducting phase at ambient temperature.
The invention provides a solid state electrochemical cell comprising an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material and said polymeric material, where, in one of the electrolyte and~the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting
Electrochemical Cell This invention relates to a solid state electrochemical cell comprising an anode having lithium as its active material, a polymeric electrolyte, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material or similarly active material, and a polymeric material.
A solid state electrochemical cell comprising a Li or Li-based anode, a lithium ion conducting polymeric electrolyte, and a cathode based on an insertion electrode 6 13' 2 5 S2 s known.
See, for example, United States Patent No. 4303748. In order to achieve high active cathode utilizations at realistic current densities, the cathode may be constructed as a composite structure comprising the insertion electrode material (active catholyte), the polymer electrolyte and, if required, an electronically conducting medium such as graphite. Examples of preferred proportions are: 20~ to 70% polymer electrolyte, 30% to 80% active catholyte and, if required, 1% to 20% of an electronically conducting medium, where all percentages are by volume.
The invention is concerned with an electrochemical cell of the above kind but in which one of the electrolyte and the cathode lacks an ionically conducting phase at ambient temperature.
The invention provides a solid state electrochemical cell comprising an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material and said polymeric material, where, in one of the electrolyte and~the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting
-2-~;2 163ZS
phase is absent, and wherein ionic conductivity can be induced in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode at elevated temperature thereby to render the cell operable.
The cell of the invention cannot operate at ambient temperature as one of the electrolyte and the cathode does not contain an ionically conducting phase at such temperature. However, on heating, for example to a temperature in the range of 80C to 140C, said one of the electrolyte and the cathode becomes ionically conducting, presumably by diffusion of ionically conducting material thereto from the other of the electrolyte and the cathode.
Where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conductina phase and the cathode lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the following advantage is obtained.
Thus, it is desirable that, in the cell, the particle size of the insertion electrode material is as small as possible consistent with producing a microstructure in which all the phases present are both continuous and homogeneous. Hitherto, a way of preparing the cathode has been to cast a film from a dispersion of the insertion electrode material in a solution of polymeric material and a lithium salt (to constitute the ionically conducting phase) in a solvent, followed by removal of the solvent.
However, the particle size of the insertion electrode material in the film produced is found to be much greater than its particle size prior to dispersion. However, in the present invention, the cathode can be made in the absence of a lithium salt when it has been found that there is no such undesirable increase in the particle size of the insertion electrode material; there is hence an improvement in cell performance.
~ ' . .
1;~163~S
Where the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase and the electrolyte lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the cell of the invention rendered operable at elevated temperature has been found to possess improved performance over the above-mentioned known cell in terms of useful current density. This is possibly due to an electrolyte made conductin~ by the above mechanism having an advantageous structure in terms of the ratio of amorphous to crystalline polymer content therein in comparison with an electrolyte that is ionically conducting ab initio. Other advantages are that the electrolyte is easy to handle during fabrication of the cell and fewer chemical process steps are required to fabricate the electrolyte itself. Also, the electrolyte is less sensitive to water vapour in the atmosphere.
The composite cathode may contain, as an insertion electrode material, a material known in the art such as exemplified above and a macromolecular material such as poly (ethylene oxide), referred to hereinafter as PEO, or poly (propylene oxide), referred to hereinafter as PPO.
Where the cathode possesses an ionical ~ conducting phase, the macromolecular material may be complexed with a lithium salt, the anion of which may, for example, be I-, Br~, Cl04-, SCN- or F3CS03 , to constitute that phase. If required, the composite cathode may also contain an electronically conducting medium such as graphite or other forms of carbon. In operation of a cell of the invention where the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase and the electrolyte lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the overall lithium salt concentration of the cathode is reduced because lithium salt passes to the electrolyte at elevated temperatures.
~63~
The cathode may be in the form of a film and may be made in this form by casting. It may be cast directly onto a current collector, for example in the form of a metal foil. The solvent used may, for example be an equivolume mixture of methanol and trichlorethylene, or acetonitrile.
The electrolyte may also be in the form of a film and may also be made by casting in a similar way. The anode may be in the form of a metal foil.
The electrolyte may be a macromolecular material such as exemplified above in respect of the cathode. Where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conducting phase. the macromo].ecular material may be complexed with a lithium salt such as exemplified above to constitute that phase.
In operation of a cell of the invention where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conducting phase and the cathode lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the overall lithium salt concentration of the electrolyte is reduced because lithium salt passes to the cathode at elevated temperature. This need not significantly affect the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte which may be roughly constant over a wide compositional range. For example, (PE3)xLiF3CSO3 has a roughly constant ionic conductivity for values of x from 9 to 20.
A cell of the invention may be made in the form of a sandwich arrangement of the anode, electrolyte and composite cathode, for example by stacking, rolling or folding into the required configuration and containment within a suitable cell casing. The high ionic resistance at ambient temperatures of such a cell gives rise to a low self discharge rate during storage and hence to a long shelf life. When the cell is required to produce an electric current, it is heated to its operating
phase is absent, and wherein ionic conductivity can be induced in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode at elevated temperature thereby to render the cell operable.
The cell of the invention cannot operate at ambient temperature as one of the electrolyte and the cathode does not contain an ionically conducting phase at such temperature. However, on heating, for example to a temperature in the range of 80C to 140C, said one of the electrolyte and the cathode becomes ionically conducting, presumably by diffusion of ionically conducting material thereto from the other of the electrolyte and the cathode.
Where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conductina phase and the cathode lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the following advantage is obtained.
Thus, it is desirable that, in the cell, the particle size of the insertion electrode material is as small as possible consistent with producing a microstructure in which all the phases present are both continuous and homogeneous. Hitherto, a way of preparing the cathode has been to cast a film from a dispersion of the insertion electrode material in a solution of polymeric material and a lithium salt (to constitute the ionically conducting phase) in a solvent, followed by removal of the solvent.
However, the particle size of the insertion electrode material in the film produced is found to be much greater than its particle size prior to dispersion. However, in the present invention, the cathode can be made in the absence of a lithium salt when it has been found that there is no such undesirable increase in the particle size of the insertion electrode material; there is hence an improvement in cell performance.
~ ' . .
1;~163~S
Where the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase and the electrolyte lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the cell of the invention rendered operable at elevated temperature has been found to possess improved performance over the above-mentioned known cell in terms of useful current density. This is possibly due to an electrolyte made conductin~ by the above mechanism having an advantageous structure in terms of the ratio of amorphous to crystalline polymer content therein in comparison with an electrolyte that is ionically conducting ab initio. Other advantages are that the electrolyte is easy to handle during fabrication of the cell and fewer chemical process steps are required to fabricate the electrolyte itself. Also, the electrolyte is less sensitive to water vapour in the atmosphere.
The composite cathode may contain, as an insertion electrode material, a material known in the art such as exemplified above and a macromolecular material such as poly (ethylene oxide), referred to hereinafter as PEO, or poly (propylene oxide), referred to hereinafter as PPO.
Where the cathode possesses an ionical ~ conducting phase, the macromolecular material may be complexed with a lithium salt, the anion of which may, for example, be I-, Br~, Cl04-, SCN- or F3CS03 , to constitute that phase. If required, the composite cathode may also contain an electronically conducting medium such as graphite or other forms of carbon. In operation of a cell of the invention where the cathode possesses an ionically conducting phase and the electrolyte lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the overall lithium salt concentration of the cathode is reduced because lithium salt passes to the electrolyte at elevated temperatures.
~63~
The cathode may be in the form of a film and may be made in this form by casting. It may be cast directly onto a current collector, for example in the form of a metal foil. The solvent used may, for example be an equivolume mixture of methanol and trichlorethylene, or acetonitrile.
The electrolyte may also be in the form of a film and may also be made by casting in a similar way. The anode may be in the form of a metal foil.
The electrolyte may be a macromolecular material such as exemplified above in respect of the cathode. Where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conducting phase. the macromo].ecular material may be complexed with a lithium salt such as exemplified above to constitute that phase.
In operation of a cell of the invention where the electrolyte possesses an ionically conducting phase and the cathode lacks such a phase at ambient temperature, the overall lithium salt concentration of the electrolyte is reduced because lithium salt passes to the cathode at elevated temperature. This need not significantly affect the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte which may be roughly constant over a wide compositional range. For example, (PE3)xLiF3CSO3 has a roughly constant ionic conductivity for values of x from 9 to 20.
A cell of the invention may be made in the form of a sandwich arrangement of the anode, electrolyte and composite cathode, for example by stacking, rolling or folding into the required configuration and containment within a suitable cell casing. The high ionic resistance at ambient temperatures of such a cell gives rise to a low self discharge rate during storage and hence to a long shelf life. When the cell is required to produce an electric current, it is heated to its operating
3~Z~63~S
temperature.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of making an operable solid state electrochemical cell comprising (i) assembling in the form of a cell an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising acomposite of an insertion electrode material in combination with said polymeric material, wherein, in one of the electrolyte and the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting phase is absent, and (ii) heating the cell to an elevated temperature thereby to induce ionic conductivity in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode.
Several ways of carrying out the invention will now be described, by way of example only, as follows. Also included is a comparative example (Example A) which is not an example of the invention. Reference will be made in the examples to the accompanying drawings wherein Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between cell ~oltage and capacity for two cells, one of the invention and one not of the invention;
Figures 2 and 3 are graphs showing the relationship between cell voltage and capacity for different cells of the invention.
Example 1 A composite cathode was prepared by dispersing ~2~6325 V6Ol3 and acetylene black in a solution of PEO in acetonitrile and applying the dispersion to a nickel foil current collector and removing the solvent. The composition of the dispersion was such that the composition of -the composite cathode by volume was: 50~ PEO, 45%
V6O13 and 5~ acetylene black;the thickness of the composite cathode was ~ 50 ~m.
An electrolyte was prepared as a film by casting a solution of PEO and LiF3CSO3 in acetonitrile and subsequent removal of the solvent. The composition of the electrolyte was (PEO)gLiF3CSO3 and its thickness was ,J50 ~m.
The above prepared composite cathode and electrolyte together with a Li metal foil anode of thickness ~300 ~m were assembled into an electrochemical cell of area 0.75 cm2 which was then tested under the following conditions:-operating temperature : 140C
discharge current : 0.2 mA) constant current charge current : 0.1 mA) cycling mode voltage limits : 1.7 volts to 3.0 volts The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 1 in the curve marked "Cell l".
The cathode utilization at discharge number 1 was 25 ~JlO0~ and that at discharge number 10 was ~70%.
Comparative Example A
By way of comparison, the procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the solution from which the composite cathode was prepared additionally contained LiF3CSO3 dissolved therein.
~2~632S
The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 1 in the curve marked "Cell A".
The ca-thode utilization at discharge number 1 was ~50~ and that at discharge number 10 was ~35~.
Example 2 . . .
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the cell was tested at a discharge current of 0.6 mA and a charge current o~ 0.3 mA.
The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 2.
The cathode utilization at discharge number 1 was ~50~
and that at discharge number 10 ~25~, i.e. similar to those for the cell oE comparative Example A but at a current density three times as great.
Example 3 A composite cathode film was prepared by dispersing V6013 and acetylene black in a solution of PEO and LiF3CSO3 in acetonitrile and applying the dispersion to a nickel foil current collector by doctor blade casting and removing the solvent. The composition of the dispersion was such that the composition of the composite cathode by volume was: 50~ (PEO)gLiF3CSO3~ 45% V6013 and 5% acetylene black. The thickness of the composite cathode film was ~ 50 ~m.
121~32~
An electrolyte was prepared as a film by doctor blade casting a solution of PEO in acetonitrile and subsequently removing the solvent. Two such films having a combined thickness of ~76 m were used to constitute the electrolyte to be assembled into a cell below.
The above prepared composite cathode and electrolyte together with a Li metal foil anode of thickness ~300 ~m were assembled into an electrochemical cell of area 0.75 cm2 which was then tested under the following conditions:-operating temperature : 135Cdischarge current : 0.2 mA) constant current charge current : 0.1 mA) cycling mode voltage limits : 1.7 vol-ts to 3.25 volts The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage for the first discharge is shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
The cathode utilization at various discharge numbers was as follows:
No 1 100%
No 5 - 76%
No 10 - 65%
No 15 - 61%
_g_
temperature.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of making an operable solid state electrochemical cell comprising (i) assembling in the form of a cell an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising acomposite of an insertion electrode material in combination with said polymeric material, wherein, in one of the electrolyte and the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting phase is absent, and (ii) heating the cell to an elevated temperature thereby to induce ionic conductivity in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode.
Several ways of carrying out the invention will now be described, by way of example only, as follows. Also included is a comparative example (Example A) which is not an example of the invention. Reference will be made in the examples to the accompanying drawings wherein Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between cell ~oltage and capacity for two cells, one of the invention and one not of the invention;
Figures 2 and 3 are graphs showing the relationship between cell voltage and capacity for different cells of the invention.
Example 1 A composite cathode was prepared by dispersing ~2~6325 V6Ol3 and acetylene black in a solution of PEO in acetonitrile and applying the dispersion to a nickel foil current collector and removing the solvent. The composition of the dispersion was such that the composition of -the composite cathode by volume was: 50~ PEO, 45%
V6O13 and 5~ acetylene black;the thickness of the composite cathode was ~ 50 ~m.
An electrolyte was prepared as a film by casting a solution of PEO and LiF3CSO3 in acetonitrile and subsequent removal of the solvent. The composition of the electrolyte was (PEO)gLiF3CSO3 and its thickness was ,J50 ~m.
The above prepared composite cathode and electrolyte together with a Li metal foil anode of thickness ~300 ~m were assembled into an electrochemical cell of area 0.75 cm2 which was then tested under the following conditions:-operating temperature : 140C
discharge current : 0.2 mA) constant current charge current : 0.1 mA) cycling mode voltage limits : 1.7 volts to 3.0 volts The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 1 in the curve marked "Cell l".
The cathode utilization at discharge number 1 was 25 ~JlO0~ and that at discharge number 10 was ~70%.
Comparative Example A
By way of comparison, the procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the solution from which the composite cathode was prepared additionally contained LiF3CSO3 dissolved therein.
~2~632S
The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 1 in the curve marked "Cell A".
The ca-thode utilization at discharge number 1 was ~50~ and that at discharge number 10 was ~35~.
Example 2 . . .
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the cell was tested at a discharge current of 0.6 mA and a charge current o~ 0.3 mA.
The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage is shown in Figure 2.
The cathode utilization at discharge number 1 was ~50~
and that at discharge number 10 ~25~, i.e. similar to those for the cell oE comparative Example A but at a current density three times as great.
Example 3 A composite cathode film was prepared by dispersing V6013 and acetylene black in a solution of PEO and LiF3CSO3 in acetonitrile and applying the dispersion to a nickel foil current collector by doctor blade casting and removing the solvent. The composition of the dispersion was such that the composition of the composite cathode by volume was: 50~ (PEO)gLiF3CSO3~ 45% V6013 and 5% acetylene black. The thickness of the composite cathode film was ~ 50 ~m.
121~32~
An electrolyte was prepared as a film by doctor blade casting a solution of PEO in acetonitrile and subsequently removing the solvent. Two such films having a combined thickness of ~76 m were used to constitute the electrolyte to be assembled into a cell below.
The above prepared composite cathode and electrolyte together with a Li metal foil anode of thickness ~300 ~m were assembled into an electrochemical cell of area 0.75 cm2 which was then tested under the following conditions:-operating temperature : 135Cdischarge current : 0.2 mA) constant current charge current : 0.1 mA) cycling mode voltage limits : 1.7 vol-ts to 3.25 volts The capacity of the cell in relation to voltage for the first discharge is shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
The cathode utilization at various discharge numbers was as follows:
No 1 100%
No 5 - 76%
No 10 - 65%
No 15 - 61%
_g_
Claims (4)
1. A solid state electrochemical cell comprising an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material and said polymeric material, where, in one of the electrolyte and the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting phase is absent, and wherein ionic conductivity can be induced in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode at elevated temperature thereby to render the cell operable.
2. A method of making an operable solid state electrochemical cell comprising (i) assembling in the form of a cell an anode having lithium as its active material, an electrolyte comprising a polymeric material capable of forming a complex with a lithium salt, and a cathode comprising a composite of an insertion electrode material in combination with said polymeric material, wherein, in one of the electrolyte and the cathode, a lithium salt is present as a complex with said polymeric material to constitute an ionically conducting phase and, in the other of the electrolyte and the cathode, such an ionically conducting phase is absent, and (ii) heating the cell to an elevated temperature thereby to induce ionic conductivity in said other of the electrolyte and the cathode.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the elevated temperature is within the range of 80° C. to 140° C.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the cathode is prepared by coating a film from a dispersion of the insertion electrode material in a solution of the polymeric material in a solvent therefor, followed by removing the solvent, a lithium salt being absent from said solution and a lithium salt being present as a complex with the polymeric material in the electrolyte.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8310992 | 1983-04-22 | ||
| GB8310992A GB8310992D0 (en) | 1983-04-22 | 1983-04-22 | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8328021 | 1983-10-19 | ||
| GB838328021A GB8328021D0 (en) | 1983-10-19 | 1983-10-19 | Electrochemical cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1216325A true CA1216325A (en) | 1987-01-06 |
Family
ID=26285915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452478A Expired CA1216325A (en) | 1983-04-22 | 1984-04-19 | Electrochemical cell |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4547440A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0123516B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2698340B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU572135B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1216325A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3472335D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK200284A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2139410B (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2577718B1 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1988-06-17 | Comp Generale Electricite | PRIMARY OR SECONDARY ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR |
| US4654279A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1987-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Interpenetrating-network polymeric electrolytes |
| US4722877A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-02-02 | Eltron Research, Inc. | Long cycle life solid-state solid polymer electrolyte cells |
| GB2201287B (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1990-09-26 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Solid state cell electrolyte |
| US4879190A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1989-11-07 | Mhb Joint Venture | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8829118D0 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1989-01-25 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Electrochemical cell manufacture |
| GB8904431D0 (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1989-04-12 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Cathode material |
| US4925752A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-05-15 | Fauteux Denis G | Solid state electrochemical cell having porous cathode current collector |
| US4997732A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1991-03-05 | Mhb Joint Venture | Battery in a vacuum sealed enveloping material and a process for making the same |
| US4925751A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-05-15 | Shackle Dale R | High power solid state electrochemical laminar cell |
| CA2016517C (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1999-01-12 | Dale R. Shackle | Solid state electrochemical cell having microroughened current collector |
| US5011739A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-04-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moisture stable biasable transfer members and method for making same |
| US5212032A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-05-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moisture stable polyurethane biasable transfer members |
| US5250357A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-10-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moisture stable elastomeric polyurethane biasable transfer members |
| US5217838A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-06-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moisture stable biasable transfer members |
| US5409786A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-04-25 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Inactive electrochemical cell having an ionically nonconductive polymeric composition activated by electrolyte salt solution |
| US5503948A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-04-02 | Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation | Thin cell electrochemical battery system; and method of interconnecting multiple thin cells |
| US5616429A (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1997-04-01 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | alkali metal electrochemical cell exhibiting reduced voltage delay and method of manufacture |
| US6218048B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2001-04-17 | Fmc Corporation | Method of preliminarily heat treating positive electrodes of secondary lithium and lithium-ion Batteries and resulting positive electrodes and batteries |
| US6051339A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-04-18 | Rentech, Inc. | Lithiated polyvanadate cathodes and batteries containing such cathodes |
| JP4751502B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2011-08-17 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Polymer battery |
| JP4072427B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2008-04-09 | シャープ株式会社 | Polymer battery and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4060673A (en) * | 1969-04-07 | 1977-11-29 | P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. | Ion exchange membranes and organic electrolyte cells employing same |
| US3704174A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1972-11-28 | Carl Berger | Solid electrolyte device |
| US3719527A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1973-03-06 | Atomic Energy Commission | Thermal battery |
| US4143213A (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-03-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Cells having cathodes containing chalcogenide compounds of the formula Ma FeXb and species thereof exhibiting alkali metal incorporation |
| US4143214A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1979-03-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Cells having cathodes containing Cs S cathode-active materials |
| FR2442512A1 (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1980-06-20 | Anvar | NEW ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS WITH ION CONDUCTION |
| US4365009A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1982-12-21 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method of improving the ion selectivity of membranes |
| US4436796A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1984-03-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | All-solid electrodes with mixed conductor matrix |
| EP0078505B1 (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1987-12-09 | COMPAGNIE GENERALE D'ELECTRICITE Société anonyme dite: | Process for manufacturing a polymeric solid electrolyte for an electrochemical generator |
| JPS59500493A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1984-03-22 | アジエンス・ナチオナレ・ドウ・バロリザチオン・ドウ・ラ・レシエルシエ（アンバ−ル） | Electrolytes composed of solid solutions of closoborane (cage borane) in plastic macromolecular materials and electrochemical generators containing such electrolytes |
-
1984
- 1984-04-18 EP EP84302655A patent/EP0123516B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-04-18 GB GB08410049A patent/GB2139410B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-18 US US06/601,594 patent/US4547440A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-04-18 DE DE8484302655T patent/DE3472335D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-18 DK DK200284A patent/DK200284A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-04-19 CA CA000452478A patent/CA1216325A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-19 AU AU27089/84A patent/AU572135B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-04-23 JP JP59081673A patent/JP2698340B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2708984A (en) | 1984-10-25 |
| DK200284D0 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
| EP0123516B1 (en) | 1988-06-22 |
| EP0123516B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
| GB2139410A (en) | 1984-11-07 |
| EP0123516A2 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| AU572135B2 (en) | 1988-05-05 |
| JP2698340B2 (en) | 1998-01-19 |
| JPS6035462A (en) | 1985-02-23 |
| DE3472335D1 (en) | 1988-07-28 |
| US4547440A (en) | 1985-10-15 |
| EP0123516A3 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
| GB2139410B (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| GB8410049D0 (en) | 1984-05-31 |
| DK200284A (en) | 1984-10-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1216325A (en) | Electrochemical cell | |
| US4589197A (en) | Composite cathode for electrochemical cell | |
| EP1021849B1 (en) | Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries | |
| Feuillade et al. | Ion-conductive macromolecular gels and membranes for solid lithium cells | |
| US5720780A (en) | Film forming method for lithium ion rechargeable batteries | |
| US6358643B1 (en) | Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries | |
| Peramunage et al. | Polyacrylonitrile‐based electrolytes with ternary solvent mixtures as plasticizers | |
| US6284412B1 (en) | Hybrid polymeric electrolyte and non-aqueous electrochemical device comprising the same | |
| US5705084A (en) | Polymer alloy electrolytes for electrochemical devices | |
| US4740433A (en) | Nonaqueous battery with special separator | |
| US4722877A (en) | Long cycle life solid-state solid polymer electrolyte cells | |
| JPH1135765A (en) | Solid polyelectrolyte and its production | |
| US6268087B1 (en) | Method of preparing lithium ion polymer battery | |
| US5085955A (en) | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell | |
| US6326105B1 (en) | Composite polymer electrolytes for alkali metal electrochemical devices which contain a non-woven glass fiber net | |
| US4631810A (en) | Solid state cell manufacture | |
| KR100273506B1 (en) | Polymer gel and manufacturing method for secondary battery | |
| Nagasubramanian et al. | Lithium superacid salts for secondary lithium batteries | |
| Koksbang et al. | Reversibility of the electrochemical lithium insertion in “Cr3O8”—comparison with LiCr3O8 | |
| JPH07240233A (en) | High polymer solid electrolyte lithium secondary battery | |
| US4908284A (en) | Solid state batteries | |
| JPH05178949A (en) | Ionically conductive polymer compound | |
| Andrei et al. | Characterization of a class of plasticized polymer electrolytes and application in Li/V6O13 cells | |
| Novák et al. | The lithium sodium thiochromite all-solid-state high temperature secondary cell | |
| Di Pietro et al. | Primary Lithium‐Metallic Oxysalt Organic Electrolyte Batteries |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |