CA1180245A - Catheter set - Google Patents
Catheter setInfo
- Publication number
- CA1180245A CA1180245A CA000402301A CA402301A CA1180245A CA 1180245 A CA1180245 A CA 1180245A CA 000402301 A CA000402301 A CA 000402301A CA 402301 A CA402301 A CA 402301A CA 1180245 A CA1180245 A CA 1180245A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- insertion tube
- catheter insertion
- tube
- improvement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZUXNHFFVQWADJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trimethoxy-n-(2-methoxyethyl)-n-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzamide Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CSC=1N(CCOC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 ZUXNHFFVQWADJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001973 Ficus microcarpa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
- A61M25/0662—Guide tubes
- A61M25/0668—Guide tubes splittable, tear apart
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure In order to keep the opening for inserting a catheter into a blood vessel as small as possible, a catheter insertion tube is used which coaxially surrounds the puncturing canula and consists, at least in a circumferential area and/or at least along a portion of its length, of one or several dilatable or expandable areas permitting enlargement of its internal diameter. The diameter of the catheter insertion tube, at the front end where it is inserted into the blood vessel, is approximately equal or smaller than the outer diameter of the catheter. The catheter insertion tube is expandable at least over the front or forward portion of its length by the catheter. The catheter insertion tube is removable from the puncture over the catheter while the catheter is advanced into the puncture and is tightly sealed by the catheter because the catheter has an external diameter equal to or larger than the puncture previously occupied by the insertion tube.
Description
This invention is concerned with a novel catheter set for inserting a catheter into a blood vessel.
Background of the Invention . . .
A number of catheter sets are already known.
According to a construction disclosed in DE-GM 74 27 426, the catheter upon insertion, contacts and presses against the inner wall surface of a conically-shaped catheter insertion tube or sleeve~ ~he tube is made of a polymeric synthetic material and ls provided with a longitudinal tear line.
The tube is split open along the tear line by the catheter pressure as it advances. Thus, the catheter insertion tube portion outside of the puncture site serves as a kind of guide channel to easily insert the catheter into the punctured blood vesselO However, this type of insertion presumes that the catheter insertion tube continues to remain in the punctured blood vessel until the following catheter also penetrates the puncture site, since the catheter insertion tube repxesents the sole insertion aid for the catheter.
This means, however, that the puncture site must have a diameter larger by at least the wall thickness o~ the catheter insertion tube than is necessary ~or the insertian of the catheter. Thls enlar~ed si2e of puncture siiter which is inherent in the previously known catheter set, can be even more enlarged inadvertently, due ~o the Eact that the catheter insertion tub~ has to ~emain in the blood vessel ~uring insertion o~ the catheter. Because o the splitting o the catheter insertion tube and its subsequent enlarged diameter r the puncture site is correspondingly enlarged so that one has to ~ear formation of blood vessel fissures at the puncture site. Consequently, as a rule it is not possible for the subseq~ently inserted catheter to effect an adequate seal at the blood vessel puncture site. This has lead, particularly in inEants, to dangerous bleeding and side effects, in particular to infections.
Summary of the Invention The invention has, as one of its purposes, the provision of an improved catheter set and improved elements useful therein, broadly of the above mentioned type, which will not enlarge the dimensions of the puncture site beyond the outer diameter of the catheter which is to be subsequently inserted, so that a safe seal with the catheter to be inserted at th2 puncture site is guaranteed.
Due to the improved catheter set and improved elements incorporated therein, provided according to the invention, which includes a catheter having an outer diameter at least approximately the same or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the catheter insertion tube, as well as the fact thak the catheter insertion tube consists, at least in one or several circumEerential areas and/or at least along a portion of its length, one or more dilatable areas wbich permit an enlargement or expansion oE the diameter r it is possible for the ca-theter insextion tube, after the catheter or the mandrin, respectivelyr is inserted in the puncture, to be pulled ba~k over the cathe~er and thus be removed ~rom the puncture, whereby the puncture is effi-ciently sealed off by means of the catheter with an equally large or slightly larger outer diameter than the cross-sectional opening of the puncture site. In particular, over-expansion of the blood vessel, or fissure of the same at or in the area of the puncture, is avoided upon insertion of the catheter.
Thus, with the catheter set according to the invention, not only a safe seal of the puncture i5 guaranteed, but a~so adverse side effects, such as the entrance of air, dirt particles or similar materials into the blood stream, are avoided to a greater extent than before.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides an improvement in a catheter set including a catheter and a catheter insertion tube into which the catheter to be inserted into a blood vessel is insertable, with the improve-ment comprising a catheter having an elongated front end portion with an external diameter smaller than the external diameter o~ the main body of the catheter; a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter; the elonga-ted smaller front end portion o~ the catheter being axially slidable in the catheter insertion tube front end portion without expanding the same; and the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expand-able by movement of the catheter main body axially therein.
Desirably, the catheter main body external diameter is not less than the external diameter o~ the Eront end portion of the catheter insertion tube at a blood vessel puncture.
~ ccording to another embodimqn-t oE the invention, there is provided an improved catheter set including a catheter and a catheter insertion tubP into which the catheter to be inserted into a blood vessel is insertable, with the improvement comprising a catheter; a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the catheter; the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expand-able by movement of the catheter axially therein; and a mandrin having an outer diameter not larger than the internal diameter of the catheter insertion tube front end portion internal diameter.
Desirably, the catheter external diameter is not less than the external diameter of the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube at a blood vessel puncture.
The invention will be described in detail in con-junction with the specific embodiments illustrated by the attached greatly enlarged drawings.
Brief Descri~tion o~ the Drawin~s Fig. 1 is an elevational view partially in section of a catheter set according to the invention with a catheter insertion tube or sleeve having a dilatable area, parallel to the longitudinal axis, extending over its entire length~
as well as with a partially inserted catheter and inserted mandrin at a blood vessel puncture site;
Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. 1 and shows another embodiment oE a catheter set according to the invention whereb~ a catheter ls used with a hill-shaped catheter projec-tion oE reduced diameter, and the catheter insertion tube has a dilatable area which permits an enlarg~ment in diameter only along a portion o~ its length;
Figs. 3a and 3b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a conical catheter insertion tube with thinner and weaker zones parallel to the longitudinal axis;
Figs. 4a and 4b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a conical catheter insertion tube with reinEorc-ing elements parallel to the longitudinal axis and to the thinner and weaker areas;
Figs. 5a and 5b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a cylindrical catheker insertion tube with discrete dilatable areas made of elastic rubber material parallel to the longitudinal axis;
Figs. 6 and 7 show in elevation conical ca-theter insertion tubes which consist only of dilatable material in the area neighboring the puncture site, and in the remaining portion of the length is provided with a splittable or con-tinuous open tear area;
Figs, 8a and 8b are cross-sectional views of a cylindrical catheter insertion tube with a continuous longi-tudinal tear area parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereby the ends or edges of the catheter insertion tube in the area of the longitudinal tear area are provided with slits, shown first in cross-section in a normal position and then in the position it is dilated to by the catheter;
Figs~ 9a and 9b are cross-sectional views of a cylindrical catheter insertion -tube with a continuous longi~
tudinal tear area parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereby tlle ends or ed~es oE the catheter insertion tube are provided with mating step-like portions~ shown ~irs~ in cross-section in a normal position and then in the position it is dilated to by the catheter;
Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate a complete catheter ~et with Fig. 10 showing an insertion tube having a canula inside and Fig, 11 showing the catheter containing a mandrin;
Fig. 12 shows the insertion tube-canula combination of Fig. 10 inserted in a blood ve~sel;
Fig. 13 shows the insertion tube in the blood vessel as shown in Fig. 12 but with the canula removed and the catheter containing the mandrin being inserted in the insertion tube;
Fig. 14 shows the catheter front end advanced into the blood vessel from the position shown in Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 shows the inser-tion tube tapered portion forced open along the slot therein by advancement of the catheter and the insertion tube withdrawn ~rom the blood vessel;
Fig. 16 shows removal of the mandrin from the blood vessel; and Fig. 17 shows a syringe being attached to the catheter.
Detailed Description of the Drawin~s A ca-theter set according to the invention contains a conventional puncturing canula made of steel which is not illustrated in the drawing, said canula being coaxially surrounded by a catheter insertion tube 1 (Fig. 1)~ The ~ube 1 is inserted, together with the above named puncturing canula r through t~e skin ~ into a blood vessel. ~. The punc-turlng canula is th~n en~irely wi-thdrawn by pulling i-t back Erom the ca~heter insertion tube 1I Thereafter the catheter 4, with the coaxial mandrin (or mandrel) 5 in place is inserted into the catheter insertion tube 1 as can be seen from Fig.
1. The catheter insertion -tube 1 can be cylindrical or i~ can be slightly tapered conically with the smaller end ~ 6 to ~e in~erted into the blood vessel 3. ~rhe inner diame~ter of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the vicinity of the puncture location 3a has the reEerence figure dl, while the outer diameter of the end inserted into the blood vessel 3 is reerenced with d2. The outer diameter of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the vicinity of the puncture location 3a is equal, or at least almost equal, to the diameter d2 at the container-side end of the catheter insertion tube 1.
The catheter insertion tube 1 over its entire length L2 is provided with a dilatable area 6 running parallel -to the longitudinal axis L. If necessary, several dilatable areas 6 can be distributed around the circumference of the catheter insertion tube 1~
The cylindrical or tubular catheter 4 has an outer diameter d3 which is at least the same as, but preEerably is a few tenths of a millimeter larger than, the outer diameter d2 of the catheter insertion tube 1, or of a conical ended catheter insertion tube 1. When the front end 7 of catheter 4 is inserted into the catheter insertion tube 1 an immediate spreading or enlarging effect is obtained because -the catneter 4 outer diameter d3 is larger than the outer wall diameter d2 ~ the catheter insertion tube 1. As a result, the wall oE the catheter insertion tube 1 is expanded in tlle dilatable area(s) 6.
Fig. 1 shows the rounded ;Eorward end of catheter 4 a~ter it has been pushed Eorward to approximately the middle of the catheter insertion tube 1 as illustrated by the expanded or enlarged area 6a. Fig. 1 shows that the catheter 4 with its slightly rounded front point 7 has reached approximately the center of the catheter lnsertion tube 1, as this is illustrated by -the expanded dîlatable area 6a.
S
The mandrin 5 has an outer diameter d~ which is smaller, or approximately the same, as the inner diameter of the catheter 4. Therefore, the mandrin 5, together with the catheter 4, can be in~erted into th~ catheter insertion tube 1 and it can be inserted into the blood vessel 3 through the catheter insertion tube 1 beyond the puncture site 3a.
This can be done wi-thout stressing, with respect to expanding, the dilatable area(s~ 6 of the catheter insertion tube 1 by means of the mandrin 5. The mandrin 5 has a sufficient length to be securely placed in blood vessel 3 to Eunction as a guide element for the subsequent insertion of the catheter 4 through puncture 3a. The mandrin or mandrel 5 can be designed as a solid body or as a hollow body like the coaxial cathe-ter 4 and preferably it is made from a suficiently flexible synthetic polymeric material.
After the mandrin 5 has been securely placed in thle blood vessel 3, the catheter insertion tube 1 is con-tinuously pulled back or withdrawn while simultaneously the catheter 4 can be moved towards the puncture location 3a. Due to withdrawal of the catheter insertion tube 1 and, possibly, due to the simultaneous Eorward movement o catheter 4 which, as mentioned above, has an outer diameter d3 which i5 preEerabl~y equal to or larger than the outer diame~er d2 oE the catheter insertion tube 1, the dilatable area~s) 6 i~ or are expanded so that the ca~heter insertion tube 1 is withdrawn over catheter 4 and can be pulled out of the puncture sitè 3a. Thereafter the catheter 4, with the aid of the mandrin 5 as a guide member, is inserted comple~ely through the skin 2 and the subcutaneous tissue into the blood vessel 3. Once the catheter 4 is positioned in the blood vessel 3, the mandrin 5 has served its purpose so that it can be removed from the blood vessel 3. Thus, only the catheter 4 remains in the blood vessel 3. The punctuee 3a is tightly sealed by means of catheter 4. To facilitate .inserkion of catheter 4 into the blood vessel 3, the Eront end 7 of catheter 4 can be provided with a rounded nose or chamfering of a suitable length.
The catheter insertion tube 1 can be made cylin-drical, so that its outer diameter d2 approximately corresponds to the outer diameter d30f the catheter 4 and, furthermore, the catheter 4 can be provided with the chamfering mentioned above to facilitate its entry and advancement in the catheter insertion tube 1.
It is also feasible for the catheter insertion tube 1 to be shaped like a truncated cone wherein its larger opening, for the insertion of the catheter 4, corresponds at least to the outer diameter d2 at the container-side end of the catheter insertion tube 1.
For fast utilization of ~he catheter set according to the invention, it is desirable that the mandrin 5 and the catheter ~ be designed and assembled as a structural uni~ or combination so that they can be inserted together into the catheter insertion tube 1.
The embodiment o~ the invention illustrated in Fi~. 2 di~ers ~rom that o~ Fi~. 1 in that, ins~ead o~ ~he mandrin, a çatheter 4 with a bill-like projection ~ of smaller diameter is provided. The portion ~ of catheter 4 having a smaller diameter than the remainder of the catheter 4, desirably has a length which is at least as long as, and advisably is a few centimeters longer than, the length L2 L~ ~
of the catheter insertion tube 1 so that it can be securely placed in blood vessel 3. The reduced portion 8 ends at 9 and by means of an enlarging step or transitiorl area .it merges into the main body of catheter 4. The step or transi-tion area serves to expand or enlarge the dilatable area(s) 6 of the catheter insertion tube 1~ preferably by simultane-ously pulling back the catheter insertion tube 1 and pushing the catheter forward. In this way, the catheter insertion tube 1 is pulled back over the catheter 4. Since here too the outer diameter d3 of the catheter 4 is approximately equal to the outer diameter d2 of the point or front end of the catheter insertion tube 1, the catheter 4 can be securely placed in the blood vessel 3 without dif~iculty in the same manner as illustrated above, whereby simultaneously the desired sealing effect is obtained in puncture 3a.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the catheter insertion tube 1 front portion, by the puncture 3a, has one or more dilatable areas 6. These dilatable areas extend over about one-third to one-half the length L~ of tube 1.
The adjoining portion of the catheter insertion tube 1 is provided with a continuous area 10 which is separable in the long;tudinal direction. In this type oE construction, when the catheter insertion tube 1 is pulled back over catheter 4 frictional resistance between them is reduced because the cathater inser-~ion tube 1 separates or spli~s~ The separated or split portion of the cathater insertion tube 1 actually can be retracted over the catheter 4 without friction, The bill-like or trunk-type projection 8 of the catheter 4 is not necessarily designed as one piece together -- 1~0 --~ith ~he main ~ody of catheter 4. The catheter portion 8 can be mounted on a corresponding connecting piece for the catheter 4. For example/ it can be securely connected to catheter 4 by means of welding or a suitable fitting.
It is also possible to insert the reduced portion 8 coaxially into the catheter 4~ In this embodiment, different materials can be used for maximum benefit on the one hand Eor the guide member 8, and on the other hand for that part of catheter 4 which causes the catheter insertion -tube 1 to expand as it is pu]led back~ and to seal with the puncture site 3a.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2 the bill-like extension 8 of the catheker 4 provides a particular advantage in that it has the same cross-sectional opening as the main body of catheter 4. Thus, the flow resistance is unchanged in the entire length of the catheter.
The catheter 4 and the mandrin 8 preferably are made of a non-abrasive, sufficiently flexible synthetic polymeric material to avoid, on the one hand, the unintentional removal by abrasion oE even the smallest particle from the catheter and, on the other hand~ to be able to place these two elements securely and wit'nout danger in the blood vessel 3.
A5 Flg. 2 shows~ the catheter inser~ion tuhe 1 can be deslgned primarily cylindrically so that its outer diameter d2 appro~imately corresponds to the outer diameter d3 oE the catheter 4. Furthermore, upon use of a mandrin 5 (see Fig. 1) the catheter 4 is desirably provided with chamfering of a suitable length Eor easy insertion into the catheter in~ertion tube 1.
As briefly stated in connection with Fig. 1, the catheter insertion tube 1 can be provided, along its circum-ference over its entire length L2, with one or several discreet, dilatable areas 6. These dilatable areas 6 can consist preferably of rubber-elastic material, in particular, of elastomers or of equivalent resilient synthetic materials.
As shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the discrete, dilatable areas may consist of zones lla and llb having reduced material thickness and strength. The thinner and weaker zones lla, llb preferably run parallel to the longitudinal axis L and represent enlargements oE the cross-sectional opening of the catheter insertion tube 1. Since the wall thickness of the catheter insertion tube 1 is small by nature and, ~or example, lies between 0.1 to 0.3 mm, a sufficient dilation can be readily achieved by a slight reduction of the material thickness in the zones lla, llb. This especially holds good for sufficiently elastic materials used for the catheter insertion tube 1.
In order to give the catheter insertion tube 1, despite the use of an adequately elastic material, suffi-cient rigidity, to guarantee its secure in~ertion in~o the puncture location 3a~ the catheter insertion tube .l can be provided along its circumEerence with at least one, preEer-ably several, reinEorclng or stiE~ening elements 13a to 13d corresponding ~o the number of weaker portions 12a -to 12d. ~he rei~Eorcin~ elements 13a to 13d preEerably run parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the catheter insertion tube 1 and preferably consist of spring material, in par-ticular spring steel. These reinforcing elements are embedded into the materially stronger or thicker portions of the catheter insertion tube 1 during its manuEacture.
~ s Figs. Sa and 5b show, the catheter insertion tube 1 can have a continuously uniform cross section except for the dilatable areas 14a and 14b, which can be made from a material with highly elastic characteristics as, for example, silicone rubber or natural rubber. For improved guidance oE the cathe~er insertion tube 1, the latter can be provided with a hand grip 15 at the end located away from the puncture location 3a.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 5a, the catheter insertion tube 1 can be provided with dilatable areas which extend over the entire length L2.
On the other hand, it is possible to design the catheter insertion tube 1 in such a manner that i-t is provided over a portion of its length only with discreet dilatable areas 6, while the remaining portion is provided with a continuous longitudinal splittable separation area 10, as this has been explained in regard to Fig. 2.
Figs~ 6 and 7 show variations of the above-described type o construction. According to Fi~. 6, the end 16 of a conically tapered catheter insertion tube 1 consists of a dif~erent~ particularly ~lexible, rubber-elastic material, while the adjoining area o~ the catheter insertion tube 1 is provided with a lon~itudinal splittable separation area 17. 'rhe material of the catheter insertion tube 1, in the area oE the lon~itudinal separatable or dividable area 17~ can be sti~Eer than thq material o the elastically dilatable point or end 16 oE the ca-theter insertion tube 1~ In this embodiment too, the sliding resistance, upon retraction of the catheter insertion tube 1 over the catheter 4, is clearly reduced so that removal of the catheter insertion tube 1 from the puncture site 3a is entirely free of problems.
-- 13 -- , In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, the catheter insertion tube 1 is made entirely of the same material.
However, this materia], in the area of the point or end lB of the catheter insertion tube 1, is made thinner than in the remaining portion. Reference number 19 refers to a longitudinal separation or dividable area which makes possible effortless splitting of the catheter insertion tube 1 in its non-weakened or stronger portion. Reference number 15 in Figs. 6 and 7 refers to a schematically shown hand grip which, of course, is so positioned that expansion of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the splittable area 17 or in the separation area lg is not made more difficult.
Figs. 8a and 8b show an embodiment of the catheter insertion tube 1 with a continuous longitudinal separation area 20 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. Fig. 8a shows the catheter insertion tube 1 in its starting position without the insertable catheter 4, and FigO 8b shows the catheter insertion tube 1 in the dilated position expanded by the inserted catheter 4. The Eree longitudinal or axial edges 21, 22 oE the catheter insertion tube 1 are provided in the area o the longitudinal separation area 20, so that even in the dilated condition a sllght overlapping oE the Eree edges 21, 22 of the catheter insertion tube 1 is ob~ained Figs~ 9a and ~b illustrate another variation oE
a continuous lon~itudinal separation area ~3 running parallel to the longitudinal axis L. In this case the longitudinal or axial Eree edge sections 24, 25 of the catheter insertion tube 1 are provided, in the longitudinal separation area 23, with mating or cooperatiny overlapping step-like sections.
In this embodiment too, some overlapping of the step-like sections 24, 25 continues even in the dilated or expanded condition which results upon insertlon of the catheter into insertion tube 1.
The invention provides a catheter set which not only can be handled easily and securely, but which also guarantees an absolutely effective seal at the puncture si-te so that the numerous disadvantages which a leaking puncture causes are avoided.
The catheter set according to the invention applies the insertion set Seldinger technology r but only consists of two portions or elements to be manipulated separately, namely, the catheter insertion tube 1 and the catheter 4, or the structural unit of catheter and mandrin respectively.
Thus, the manipulation of this catheter set is substantially simplified and safer than the previous sets according to the Seldinger technology. In addition, this catheter set has the advantage that aseptic conditions can be much easier maintained. Also of advantage is the possibility o~ combining a catheter set according to the invention with an automatically closing and locking cathe~er connection head so that a complete one-piece set, according to the Seldinger technology, can be obtained.
Fig. lQ shows a canula 30 consisting o~ a steel tube, ~e rear end o~ which has a tubular plastic extension 301 with a projecting handle 30~. ~he Eront end 303 oE
the canula 30 is ground obll~uely to puncture the skin~
The catheter insertion tube 1 is slipped over the canula 30. The Eront end of said tube 1 has an expansible portion 6, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the canula 30, and which is followed by and ]olned to a cyllndrlcal por lon havlng a greater diameter.
A tub~lar exten.sion 101 of plastic is secured to the rear end of portion 61. Portion 61 includes a laterally projecting handle 102.
Canula 30 is introduced through the longitudinal bore of the plastic extension 101 and through the catheter insertion tube 1, and its front end protrudes from the catheter insertion tube. To avoid injuries, a tubular plastic cap 62 is provided which covers the front region of the canula 30 and the catheter insertion tube 1 and which is slipped clampingly over the front end of the catheter extension 101.
Cathe-ter 4 with the inserted mandrin 5 is illustrated in E'ig. 11. Catheter 4 consists of a tubular hose r the front end 8 of which has a smaller diameter. The bore or channel extending through the catheter 4 continues to the front end 8 by having a smaller diameter. In other word~, -the fron-t end 8 of the catheter 4 is also hollow. The fron-t end of the mandrin S introduced into the catheter 4 e~tends to point 9 where the ~apered catheter section 8 begins.
At the rear end of the ca-thetex 4, there is a plastic tubular connecting piece 42 on which a tubular coupling member 41 is axially rotated or pivoted~ ~t ~he rear end oE the mandrin 5, a connec~ing piece 51 i9 mounted which can be loclced wi-th the connecting piece 42 o~ the catheter 4 so that the xear ends oE cathe~er 4 and mandrin S can he ~ixed relative to each other.
Catheter 4 is enclosed by a protective hose 63 o~ a transparent thin plastic film to ensure the sterility oE the catheter. At the ~ront end o~ the protective hose 63, there i~ attached a tubular connecting piece 64, which ~ 16 -~ 5 is slipped over the rear en~ of an insertion piece 6S.
The insertion piece 65 consists oE two halves hinge-connected at one longitudinal side and capable of being opened up.
The catheter 4 is pushed through the insertion piece 65, while the protective hose 63 is flexibly folded together.
According to Fig. 11, a plastic protective hood 66 is slipped over the front end oE the insertion piece 65 to protect the front end of the catheter against contamination.
Fig. 12 shows the canula 30 with an inser~ion tube 1 slipped over it, while a blood vessel 3 is punctured~
The insertion tube 1 consists oE a thin walled rigid plastic material. Region 6 oE insertion tube 1 contains a longitudinal slot 67 thus permitting its subsequent expansion. After having punctured the blood vessel 3 by the canula with the insertion tube 1 in position thereon as shown in Fig. 12, the canula 30 is removed by withdrawing the 'nandle 302 in the direction of arrow 68, while the insertion tube 1 maintains its position.
As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, catheter 4 containing mandrin 5 is then moved Eorward through the insertion piece 65 through -the bore oE the extension 101 into the insertion tube 1 until the so~t ~ront end 8 oE the cathe-ter penetrates the blood vessel, according to Fiy. 14, and is guided by it. Then, the ~ront end o~ the insertion piece 65 is intro-duced into the extension lnl o~ the insertion tube 1, as shown in Fig. 14, thus allowing the catheter ~ to slide Eorward in the insertion piece 65 and in the insertion tube 1 without being touched manually. The catheter 4 is advanced in that it is moved by seizing the insertion piece 65.
When point 9 of the catheter 4 moves into the tapered portion 6 o~ the insertion tube 1, the slot 67 is pressed apart. At the same t~lme, t~e insertion tube 1 is removed according to Fig. 15, while the catheter is advanced further.
After the catheter 4 has been posit.ioned in the blood vessel 3, the mandrin 5 is removed Erom the catheter 4 by pulling on the connecting piece 51. At the same time, the hose 63 with the ring 64 is withdrawn to the rear.
Then, according to Fig. 17, the rear end of the catheter 4 is joined with the rear end of the insertion tube 1 by rotating or screwing the coupling member 41 on the extension 101. Then, by inserting the Eront end of a syringe 68 into the extension 42/ liquid can be injected into the catheter 4.
The Eoregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood the.eefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
..
Background of the Invention . . .
A number of catheter sets are already known.
According to a construction disclosed in DE-GM 74 27 426, the catheter upon insertion, contacts and presses against the inner wall surface of a conically-shaped catheter insertion tube or sleeve~ ~he tube is made of a polymeric synthetic material and ls provided with a longitudinal tear line.
The tube is split open along the tear line by the catheter pressure as it advances. Thus, the catheter insertion tube portion outside of the puncture site serves as a kind of guide channel to easily insert the catheter into the punctured blood vesselO However, this type of insertion presumes that the catheter insertion tube continues to remain in the punctured blood vessel until the following catheter also penetrates the puncture site, since the catheter insertion tube repxesents the sole insertion aid for the catheter.
This means, however, that the puncture site must have a diameter larger by at least the wall thickness o~ the catheter insertion tube than is necessary ~or the insertian of the catheter. Thls enlar~ed si2e of puncture siiter which is inherent in the previously known catheter set, can be even more enlarged inadvertently, due ~o the Eact that the catheter insertion tub~ has to ~emain in the blood vessel ~uring insertion o~ the catheter. Because o the splitting o the catheter insertion tube and its subsequent enlarged diameter r the puncture site is correspondingly enlarged so that one has to ~ear formation of blood vessel fissures at the puncture site. Consequently, as a rule it is not possible for the subseq~ently inserted catheter to effect an adequate seal at the blood vessel puncture site. This has lead, particularly in inEants, to dangerous bleeding and side effects, in particular to infections.
Summary of the Invention The invention has, as one of its purposes, the provision of an improved catheter set and improved elements useful therein, broadly of the above mentioned type, which will not enlarge the dimensions of the puncture site beyond the outer diameter of the catheter which is to be subsequently inserted, so that a safe seal with the catheter to be inserted at th2 puncture site is guaranteed.
Due to the improved catheter set and improved elements incorporated therein, provided according to the invention, which includes a catheter having an outer diameter at least approximately the same or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the catheter insertion tube, as well as the fact thak the catheter insertion tube consists, at least in one or several circumEerential areas and/or at least along a portion of its length, one or more dilatable areas wbich permit an enlargement or expansion oE the diameter r it is possible for the ca-theter insextion tube, after the catheter or the mandrin, respectivelyr is inserted in the puncture, to be pulled ba~k over the cathe~er and thus be removed ~rom the puncture, whereby the puncture is effi-ciently sealed off by means of the catheter with an equally large or slightly larger outer diameter than the cross-sectional opening of the puncture site. In particular, over-expansion of the blood vessel, or fissure of the same at or in the area of the puncture, is avoided upon insertion of the catheter.
Thus, with the catheter set according to the invention, not only a safe seal of the puncture i5 guaranteed, but a~so adverse side effects, such as the entrance of air, dirt particles or similar materials into the blood stream, are avoided to a greater extent than before.
According to one embodiment, the invention provides an improvement in a catheter set including a catheter and a catheter insertion tube into which the catheter to be inserted into a blood vessel is insertable, with the improve-ment comprising a catheter having an elongated front end portion with an external diameter smaller than the external diameter o~ the main body of the catheter; a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter; the elonga-ted smaller front end portion o~ the catheter being axially slidable in the catheter insertion tube front end portion without expanding the same; and the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expand-able by movement of the catheter main body axially therein.
Desirably, the catheter main body external diameter is not less than the external diameter o~ the Eront end portion of the catheter insertion tube at a blood vessel puncture.
~ ccording to another embodimqn-t oE the invention, there is provided an improved catheter set including a catheter and a catheter insertion tubP into which the catheter to be inserted into a blood vessel is insertable, with the improvement comprising a catheter; a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the catheter; the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expand-able by movement of the catheter axially therein; and a mandrin having an outer diameter not larger than the internal diameter of the catheter insertion tube front end portion internal diameter.
Desirably, the catheter external diameter is not less than the external diameter of the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube at a blood vessel puncture.
The invention will be described in detail in con-junction with the specific embodiments illustrated by the attached greatly enlarged drawings.
Brief Descri~tion o~ the Drawin~s Fig. 1 is an elevational view partially in section of a catheter set according to the invention with a catheter insertion tube or sleeve having a dilatable area, parallel to the longitudinal axis, extending over its entire length~
as well as with a partially inserted catheter and inserted mandrin at a blood vessel puncture site;
Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. 1 and shows another embodiment oE a catheter set according to the invention whereb~ a catheter ls used with a hill-shaped catheter projec-tion oE reduced diameter, and the catheter insertion tube has a dilatable area which permits an enlarg~ment in diameter only along a portion o~ its length;
Figs. 3a and 3b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a conical catheter insertion tube with thinner and weaker zones parallel to the longitudinal axis;
Figs. 4a and 4b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a conical catheter insertion tube with reinEorc-ing elements parallel to the longitudinal axis and to the thinner and weaker areas;
Figs. 5a and 5b show in elevation and cross-section respectively a cylindrical catheker insertion tube with discrete dilatable areas made of elastic rubber material parallel to the longitudinal axis;
Figs. 6 and 7 show in elevation conical ca-theter insertion tubes which consist only of dilatable material in the area neighboring the puncture site, and in the remaining portion of the length is provided with a splittable or con-tinuous open tear area;
Figs, 8a and 8b are cross-sectional views of a cylindrical catheter insertion tube with a continuous longi-tudinal tear area parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereby the ends or edges of the catheter insertion tube in the area of the longitudinal tear area are provided with slits, shown first in cross-section in a normal position and then in the position it is dilated to by the catheter;
Figs~ 9a and 9b are cross-sectional views of a cylindrical catheter insertion -tube with a continuous longi~
tudinal tear area parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereby tlle ends or ed~es oE the catheter insertion tube are provided with mating step-like portions~ shown ~irs~ in cross-section in a normal position and then in the position it is dilated to by the catheter;
Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate a complete catheter ~et with Fig. 10 showing an insertion tube having a canula inside and Fig, 11 showing the catheter containing a mandrin;
Fig. 12 shows the insertion tube-canula combination of Fig. 10 inserted in a blood ve~sel;
Fig. 13 shows the insertion tube in the blood vessel as shown in Fig. 12 but with the canula removed and the catheter containing the mandrin being inserted in the insertion tube;
Fig. 14 shows the catheter front end advanced into the blood vessel from the position shown in Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 shows the inser-tion tube tapered portion forced open along the slot therein by advancement of the catheter and the insertion tube withdrawn ~rom the blood vessel;
Fig. 16 shows removal of the mandrin from the blood vessel; and Fig. 17 shows a syringe being attached to the catheter.
Detailed Description of the Drawin~s A ca-theter set according to the invention contains a conventional puncturing canula made of steel which is not illustrated in the drawing, said canula being coaxially surrounded by a catheter insertion tube 1 (Fig. 1)~ The ~ube 1 is inserted, together with the above named puncturing canula r through t~e skin ~ into a blood vessel. ~. The punc-turlng canula is th~n en~irely wi-thdrawn by pulling i-t back Erom the ca~heter insertion tube 1I Thereafter the catheter 4, with the coaxial mandrin (or mandrel) 5 in place is inserted into the catheter insertion tube 1 as can be seen from Fig.
1. The catheter insertion -tube 1 can be cylindrical or i~ can be slightly tapered conically with the smaller end ~ 6 to ~e in~erted into the blood vessel 3. ~rhe inner diame~ter of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the vicinity of the puncture location 3a has the reEerence figure dl, while the outer diameter of the end inserted into the blood vessel 3 is reerenced with d2. The outer diameter of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the vicinity of the puncture location 3a is equal, or at least almost equal, to the diameter d2 at the container-side end of the catheter insertion tube 1.
The catheter insertion tube 1 over its entire length L2 is provided with a dilatable area 6 running parallel -to the longitudinal axis L. If necessary, several dilatable areas 6 can be distributed around the circumference of the catheter insertion tube 1~
The cylindrical or tubular catheter 4 has an outer diameter d3 which is at least the same as, but preEerably is a few tenths of a millimeter larger than, the outer diameter d2 of the catheter insertion tube 1, or of a conical ended catheter insertion tube 1. When the front end 7 of catheter 4 is inserted into the catheter insertion tube 1 an immediate spreading or enlarging effect is obtained because -the catneter 4 outer diameter d3 is larger than the outer wall diameter d2 ~ the catheter insertion tube 1. As a result, the wall oE the catheter insertion tube 1 is expanded in tlle dilatable area(s) 6.
Fig. 1 shows the rounded ;Eorward end of catheter 4 a~ter it has been pushed Eorward to approximately the middle of the catheter insertion tube 1 as illustrated by the expanded or enlarged area 6a. Fig. 1 shows that the catheter 4 with its slightly rounded front point 7 has reached approximately the center of the catheter lnsertion tube 1, as this is illustrated by -the expanded dîlatable area 6a.
S
The mandrin 5 has an outer diameter d~ which is smaller, or approximately the same, as the inner diameter of the catheter 4. Therefore, the mandrin 5, together with the catheter 4, can be in~erted into th~ catheter insertion tube 1 and it can be inserted into the blood vessel 3 through the catheter insertion tube 1 beyond the puncture site 3a.
This can be done wi-thout stressing, with respect to expanding, the dilatable area(s~ 6 of the catheter insertion tube 1 by means of the mandrin 5. The mandrin 5 has a sufficient length to be securely placed in blood vessel 3 to Eunction as a guide element for the subsequent insertion of the catheter 4 through puncture 3a. The mandrin or mandrel 5 can be designed as a solid body or as a hollow body like the coaxial cathe-ter 4 and preferably it is made from a suficiently flexible synthetic polymeric material.
After the mandrin 5 has been securely placed in thle blood vessel 3, the catheter insertion tube 1 is con-tinuously pulled back or withdrawn while simultaneously the catheter 4 can be moved towards the puncture location 3a. Due to withdrawal of the catheter insertion tube 1 and, possibly, due to the simultaneous Eorward movement o catheter 4 which, as mentioned above, has an outer diameter d3 which i5 preEerabl~y equal to or larger than the outer diame~er d2 oE the catheter insertion tube 1, the dilatable area~s) 6 i~ or are expanded so that the ca~heter insertion tube 1 is withdrawn over catheter 4 and can be pulled out of the puncture sitè 3a. Thereafter the catheter 4, with the aid of the mandrin 5 as a guide member, is inserted comple~ely through the skin 2 and the subcutaneous tissue into the blood vessel 3. Once the catheter 4 is positioned in the blood vessel 3, the mandrin 5 has served its purpose so that it can be removed from the blood vessel 3. Thus, only the catheter 4 remains in the blood vessel 3. The punctuee 3a is tightly sealed by means of catheter 4. To facilitate .inserkion of catheter 4 into the blood vessel 3, the Eront end 7 of catheter 4 can be provided with a rounded nose or chamfering of a suitable length.
The catheter insertion tube 1 can be made cylin-drical, so that its outer diameter d2 approximately corresponds to the outer diameter d30f the catheter 4 and, furthermore, the catheter 4 can be provided with the chamfering mentioned above to facilitate its entry and advancement in the catheter insertion tube 1.
It is also feasible for the catheter insertion tube 1 to be shaped like a truncated cone wherein its larger opening, for the insertion of the catheter 4, corresponds at least to the outer diameter d2 at the container-side end of the catheter insertion tube 1.
For fast utilization of ~he catheter set according to the invention, it is desirable that the mandrin 5 and the catheter ~ be designed and assembled as a structural uni~ or combination so that they can be inserted together into the catheter insertion tube 1.
The embodiment o~ the invention illustrated in Fi~. 2 di~ers ~rom that o~ Fi~. 1 in that, ins~ead o~ ~he mandrin, a çatheter 4 with a bill-like projection ~ of smaller diameter is provided. The portion ~ of catheter 4 having a smaller diameter than the remainder of the catheter 4, desirably has a length which is at least as long as, and advisably is a few centimeters longer than, the length L2 L~ ~
of the catheter insertion tube 1 so that it can be securely placed in blood vessel 3. The reduced portion 8 ends at 9 and by means of an enlarging step or transitiorl area .it merges into the main body of catheter 4. The step or transi-tion area serves to expand or enlarge the dilatable area(s) 6 of the catheter insertion tube 1~ preferably by simultane-ously pulling back the catheter insertion tube 1 and pushing the catheter forward. In this way, the catheter insertion tube 1 is pulled back over the catheter 4. Since here too the outer diameter d3 of the catheter 4 is approximately equal to the outer diameter d2 of the point or front end of the catheter insertion tube 1, the catheter 4 can be securely placed in the blood vessel 3 without dif~iculty in the same manner as illustrated above, whereby simultaneously the desired sealing effect is obtained in puncture 3a.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the catheter insertion tube 1 front portion, by the puncture 3a, has one or more dilatable areas 6. These dilatable areas extend over about one-third to one-half the length L~ of tube 1.
The adjoining portion of the catheter insertion tube 1 is provided with a continuous area 10 which is separable in the long;tudinal direction. In this type oE construction, when the catheter insertion tube 1 is pulled back over catheter 4 frictional resistance between them is reduced because the cathater inser-~ion tube 1 separates or spli~s~ The separated or split portion of the cathater insertion tube 1 actually can be retracted over the catheter 4 without friction, The bill-like or trunk-type projection 8 of the catheter 4 is not necessarily designed as one piece together -- 1~0 --~ith ~he main ~ody of catheter 4. The catheter portion 8 can be mounted on a corresponding connecting piece for the catheter 4. For example/ it can be securely connected to catheter 4 by means of welding or a suitable fitting.
It is also possible to insert the reduced portion 8 coaxially into the catheter 4~ In this embodiment, different materials can be used for maximum benefit on the one hand Eor the guide member 8, and on the other hand for that part of catheter 4 which causes the catheter insertion -tube 1 to expand as it is pu]led back~ and to seal with the puncture site 3a.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2 the bill-like extension 8 of the catheker 4 provides a particular advantage in that it has the same cross-sectional opening as the main body of catheter 4. Thus, the flow resistance is unchanged in the entire length of the catheter.
The catheter 4 and the mandrin 8 preferably are made of a non-abrasive, sufficiently flexible synthetic polymeric material to avoid, on the one hand, the unintentional removal by abrasion oE even the smallest particle from the catheter and, on the other hand~ to be able to place these two elements securely and wit'nout danger in the blood vessel 3.
A5 Flg. 2 shows~ the catheter inser~ion tuhe 1 can be deslgned primarily cylindrically so that its outer diameter d2 appro~imately corresponds to the outer diameter d3 oE the catheter 4. Furthermore, upon use of a mandrin 5 (see Fig. 1) the catheter 4 is desirably provided with chamfering of a suitable length Eor easy insertion into the catheter in~ertion tube 1.
As briefly stated in connection with Fig. 1, the catheter insertion tube 1 can be provided, along its circum-ference over its entire length L2, with one or several discreet, dilatable areas 6. These dilatable areas 6 can consist preferably of rubber-elastic material, in particular, of elastomers or of equivalent resilient synthetic materials.
As shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the discrete, dilatable areas may consist of zones lla and llb having reduced material thickness and strength. The thinner and weaker zones lla, llb preferably run parallel to the longitudinal axis L and represent enlargements oE the cross-sectional opening of the catheter insertion tube 1. Since the wall thickness of the catheter insertion tube 1 is small by nature and, ~or example, lies between 0.1 to 0.3 mm, a sufficient dilation can be readily achieved by a slight reduction of the material thickness in the zones lla, llb. This especially holds good for sufficiently elastic materials used for the catheter insertion tube 1.
In order to give the catheter insertion tube 1, despite the use of an adequately elastic material, suffi-cient rigidity, to guarantee its secure in~ertion in~o the puncture location 3a~ the catheter insertion tube .l can be provided along its circumEerence with at least one, preEer-ably several, reinEorclng or stiE~ening elements 13a to 13d corresponding ~o the number of weaker portions 12a -to 12d. ~he rei~Eorcin~ elements 13a to 13d preEerably run parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the catheter insertion tube 1 and preferably consist of spring material, in par-ticular spring steel. These reinforcing elements are embedded into the materially stronger or thicker portions of the catheter insertion tube 1 during its manuEacture.
~ s Figs. Sa and 5b show, the catheter insertion tube 1 can have a continuously uniform cross section except for the dilatable areas 14a and 14b, which can be made from a material with highly elastic characteristics as, for example, silicone rubber or natural rubber. For improved guidance oE the cathe~er insertion tube 1, the latter can be provided with a hand grip 15 at the end located away from the puncture location 3a.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 5a, the catheter insertion tube 1 can be provided with dilatable areas which extend over the entire length L2.
On the other hand, it is possible to design the catheter insertion tube 1 in such a manner that i-t is provided over a portion of its length only with discreet dilatable areas 6, while the remaining portion is provided with a continuous longitudinal splittable separation area 10, as this has been explained in regard to Fig. 2.
Figs~ 6 and 7 show variations of the above-described type o construction. According to Fi~. 6, the end 16 of a conically tapered catheter insertion tube 1 consists of a dif~erent~ particularly ~lexible, rubber-elastic material, while the adjoining area o~ the catheter insertion tube 1 is provided with a lon~itudinal splittable separation area 17. 'rhe material of the catheter insertion tube 1, in the area oE the lon~itudinal separatable or dividable area 17~ can be sti~Eer than thq material o the elastically dilatable point or end 16 oE the ca-theter insertion tube 1~ In this embodiment too, the sliding resistance, upon retraction of the catheter insertion tube 1 over the catheter 4, is clearly reduced so that removal of the catheter insertion tube 1 from the puncture site 3a is entirely free of problems.
-- 13 -- , In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, the catheter insertion tube 1 is made entirely of the same material.
However, this materia], in the area of the point or end lB of the catheter insertion tube 1, is made thinner than in the remaining portion. Reference number 19 refers to a longitudinal separation or dividable area which makes possible effortless splitting of the catheter insertion tube 1 in its non-weakened or stronger portion. Reference number 15 in Figs. 6 and 7 refers to a schematically shown hand grip which, of course, is so positioned that expansion of the catheter insertion tube 1 in the splittable area 17 or in the separation area lg is not made more difficult.
Figs. 8a and 8b show an embodiment of the catheter insertion tube 1 with a continuous longitudinal separation area 20 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. Fig. 8a shows the catheter insertion tube 1 in its starting position without the insertable catheter 4, and FigO 8b shows the catheter insertion tube 1 in the dilated position expanded by the inserted catheter 4. The Eree longitudinal or axial edges 21, 22 oE the catheter insertion tube 1 are provided in the area o the longitudinal separation area 20, so that even in the dilated condition a sllght overlapping oE the Eree edges 21, 22 of the catheter insertion tube 1 is ob~ained Figs~ 9a and ~b illustrate another variation oE
a continuous lon~itudinal separation area ~3 running parallel to the longitudinal axis L. In this case the longitudinal or axial Eree edge sections 24, 25 of the catheter insertion tube 1 are provided, in the longitudinal separation area 23, with mating or cooperatiny overlapping step-like sections.
In this embodiment too, some overlapping of the step-like sections 24, 25 continues even in the dilated or expanded condition which results upon insertlon of the catheter into insertion tube 1.
The invention provides a catheter set which not only can be handled easily and securely, but which also guarantees an absolutely effective seal at the puncture si-te so that the numerous disadvantages which a leaking puncture causes are avoided.
The catheter set according to the invention applies the insertion set Seldinger technology r but only consists of two portions or elements to be manipulated separately, namely, the catheter insertion tube 1 and the catheter 4, or the structural unit of catheter and mandrin respectively.
Thus, the manipulation of this catheter set is substantially simplified and safer than the previous sets according to the Seldinger technology. In addition, this catheter set has the advantage that aseptic conditions can be much easier maintained. Also of advantage is the possibility o~ combining a catheter set according to the invention with an automatically closing and locking cathe~er connection head so that a complete one-piece set, according to the Seldinger technology, can be obtained.
Fig. lQ shows a canula 30 consisting o~ a steel tube, ~e rear end o~ which has a tubular plastic extension 301 with a projecting handle 30~. ~he Eront end 303 oE
the canula 30 is ground obll~uely to puncture the skin~
The catheter insertion tube 1 is slipped over the canula 30. The Eront end of said tube 1 has an expansible portion 6, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the canula 30, and which is followed by and ]olned to a cyllndrlcal por lon havlng a greater diameter.
A tub~lar exten.sion 101 of plastic is secured to the rear end of portion 61. Portion 61 includes a laterally projecting handle 102.
Canula 30 is introduced through the longitudinal bore of the plastic extension 101 and through the catheter insertion tube 1, and its front end protrudes from the catheter insertion tube. To avoid injuries, a tubular plastic cap 62 is provided which covers the front region of the canula 30 and the catheter insertion tube 1 and which is slipped clampingly over the front end of the catheter extension 101.
Cathe-ter 4 with the inserted mandrin 5 is illustrated in E'ig. 11. Catheter 4 consists of a tubular hose r the front end 8 of which has a smaller diameter. The bore or channel extending through the catheter 4 continues to the front end 8 by having a smaller diameter. In other word~, -the fron-t end 8 of the catheter 4 is also hollow. The fron-t end of the mandrin S introduced into the catheter 4 e~tends to point 9 where the ~apered catheter section 8 begins.
At the rear end of the ca-thetex 4, there is a plastic tubular connecting piece 42 on which a tubular coupling member 41 is axially rotated or pivoted~ ~t ~he rear end oE the mandrin 5, a connec~ing piece 51 i9 mounted which can be loclced wi-th the connecting piece 42 o~ the catheter 4 so that the xear ends oE cathe~er 4 and mandrin S can he ~ixed relative to each other.
Catheter 4 is enclosed by a protective hose 63 o~ a transparent thin plastic film to ensure the sterility oE the catheter. At the ~ront end o~ the protective hose 63, there i~ attached a tubular connecting piece 64, which ~ 16 -~ 5 is slipped over the rear en~ of an insertion piece 6S.
The insertion piece 65 consists oE two halves hinge-connected at one longitudinal side and capable of being opened up.
The catheter 4 is pushed through the insertion piece 65, while the protective hose 63 is flexibly folded together.
According to Fig. 11, a plastic protective hood 66 is slipped over the front end oE the insertion piece 65 to protect the front end of the catheter against contamination.
Fig. 12 shows the canula 30 with an inser~ion tube 1 slipped over it, while a blood vessel 3 is punctured~
The insertion tube 1 consists oE a thin walled rigid plastic material. Region 6 oE insertion tube 1 contains a longitudinal slot 67 thus permitting its subsequent expansion. After having punctured the blood vessel 3 by the canula with the insertion tube 1 in position thereon as shown in Fig. 12, the canula 30 is removed by withdrawing the 'nandle 302 in the direction of arrow 68, while the insertion tube 1 maintains its position.
As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, catheter 4 containing mandrin 5 is then moved Eorward through the insertion piece 65 through -the bore oE the extension 101 into the insertion tube 1 until the so~t ~ront end 8 oE the cathe-ter penetrates the blood vessel, according to Fiy. 14, and is guided by it. Then, the ~ront end o~ the insertion piece 65 is intro-duced into the extension lnl o~ the insertion tube 1, as shown in Fig. 14, thus allowing the catheter ~ to slide Eorward in the insertion piece 65 and in the insertion tube 1 without being touched manually. The catheter 4 is advanced in that it is moved by seizing the insertion piece 65.
When point 9 of the catheter 4 moves into the tapered portion 6 o~ the insertion tube 1, the slot 67 is pressed apart. At the same t~lme, t~e insertion tube 1 is removed according to Fig. 15, while the catheter is advanced further.
After the catheter 4 has been posit.ioned in the blood vessel 3, the mandrin 5 is removed Erom the catheter 4 by pulling on the connecting piece 51. At the same time, the hose 63 with the ring 64 is withdrawn to the rear.
Then, according to Fig. 17, the rear end of the catheter 4 is joined with the rear end of the insertion tube 1 by rotating or screwing the coupling member 41 on the extension 101. Then, by inserting the Eront end of a syringe 68 into the extension 42/ liquid can be injected into the catheter 4.
The Eoregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood the.eefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
..
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a catheter set including a catheter and a catheter insertion tube into which the catheter to be inserted into a blood vessel is insertable, the improvement comprising:
a catheter having an elongated soft and flexible front end portion with an external diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter;
a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter;
the elongated smaller front end portion of the catheter being axially slidable in the catheter insertion tube front end portion so as to project partially out thereof without expanding the same; and the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expandable by movement of the catheter main body axially therein.
a catheter having an elongated soft and flexible front end portion with an external diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter;
a catheter insertion tube having a front end portion with an internal diameter smaller than the external diameter of the main body of the catheter;
the elongated smaller front end portion of the catheter being axially slidable in the catheter insertion tube front end portion so as to project partially out thereof without expanding the same; and the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube being expandable by movement of the catheter main body axially therein.
2. The improvement according to claim 1 in which the catheter main body external diameter is not less than the external diameter of the front end portion of the catheter insertion tube at a blood vessel puncture.
3. The improvement according to claim 1 in which the catheter insertion tube expandable front end comprises elastic material .
4. The improvement according to claim 1 in which the catheter insertion tube expandable front end has a longitud-inal dividable area parallel to the tube axis.
5. The improvement according to claim 1 including a mandrin having an outer diameter not larger than the internal diameter of the catheter insertion tube front end portion internal diameter.
6. The improvement of claim 1, said catheter set including a puncturing cannula, comprising;
the catheter having a reduced insertion end, and the catheter insertion tube having a dilatable elastic area along at least a portion of its length permitting expansion of the tube dilatable area by insertion said catheter into the tube to expand the catheter insertion tube and permit-ting removal of the tube from the blood vessel over the catheter so that enlargement of the blood vessel puncture is substantially eliminated so it can be tightly sealed by inserting the catheter into the puncture; said catheter having a body with an end projection, at least as long as the catheter insertion tube, with an outer diameter smaller than the catheter insertion tube inner diameter and with the catheter body outer diameter at least as large as the catheter insertion tube outer diameter at the puncture.
the catheter having a reduced insertion end, and the catheter insertion tube having a dilatable elastic area along at least a portion of its length permitting expansion of the tube dilatable area by insertion said catheter into the tube to expand the catheter insertion tube and permit-ting removal of the tube from the blood vessel over the catheter so that enlargement of the blood vessel puncture is substantially eliminated so it can be tightly sealed by inserting the catheter into the puncture; said catheter having a body with an end projection, at least as long as the catheter insertion tube, with an outer diameter smaller than the catheter insertion tube inner diameter and with the catheter body outer diameter at least as large as the catheter insertion tube outer diameter at the puncture.
7. The improvement according to claim 6 in which the catheter insertion tube has a discreet dilatable area over is entire length.
8. The improvement according to claim 7 in which the dilatable area consists of elastic material.
9. The improvement according to claim 7 in which the dilatable area includes zones of reduced strength.
10. The improvement according to claim 7 in which the dilatable area is a longitudinal dividable area parallel to the tube axis.
11. The improvement according to claim 10 in which the dividable area includes longitudinal slits.
12. The improvement according to claim 11 in which the dividable area includes overlapping step-like portions.
13. The improvement according to claim 6 in which the projection is tubular and has a uniform diameter.
14. The improvement according to claim 13 in which the opening in the projection is equal in diameter to the catheter opening.
15. The improvement according to claim 6, 13 or 14 in which the projection is at least as long as the catheter insertion tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813117802 DE3117802A1 (en) | 1981-05-06 | 1981-05-06 | CATHETER CUTLERY |
| DEP3117802.2 | 1981-05-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1180245A true CA1180245A (en) | 1985-01-02 |
Family
ID=6131533
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000402301A Expired CA1180245A (en) | 1981-05-06 | 1982-05-05 | Catheter set |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4451256A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0064212B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS57192566A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE35624T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1180245A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3117802A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK204482A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES272837Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI821407L (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152993C (en) |
Families Citing this family (162)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK204482A (en) | 1982-11-07 |
| NO152993B (en) | 1985-09-23 |
| NO152993C (en) | 1986-01-02 |
| JPS57192566A (en) | 1982-11-26 |
| EP0064212A3 (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| ATE35624T1 (en) | 1988-07-15 |
| JPH0337953B2 (en) | 1991-06-07 |
| ES272837U (en) | 1983-11-01 |
| ES272837Y (en) | 1984-04-16 |
| NO820915L (en) | 1982-11-08 |
| DE3278758D1 (en) | 1988-08-18 |
| EP0064212A2 (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| FI821407A0 (en) | 1982-04-22 |
| DE3117802A1 (en) | 1982-11-25 |
| US4451256A (en) | 1984-05-29 |
| FI821407L (en) | 1982-11-07 |
| EP0064212B1 (en) | 1988-07-13 |
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