CA1147646A - Drilling fluid bypass for marine riser - Google Patents
Drilling fluid bypass for marine riserInfo
- Publication number
- CA1147646A CA1147646A CA000369091A CA369091A CA1147646A CA 1147646 A CA1147646 A CA 1147646A CA 000369091 A CA000369091 A CA 000369091A CA 369091 A CA369091 A CA 369091A CA 1147646 A CA1147646 A CA 1147646A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- riser pipe
- vessel
- drilling
- lightweight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Method and apparatus are described to reduce the tension required on a riser pipe used in offshore drilling between a floating vessel and a subsea wellhead. Heavy drilling fluid is circulated down a drill pipe and up the annulus between the drill pipe and the borehole wall to a point just above a subsea wellhead. From this point, a separate drilling fluid return conduit extends to the floating vessel. Means are provided to maintain a con-stant level of an interface between the heavy returning drilling fluid and the lightweight fluid which can be con-fined within the riser pipe.
JDG:mk
Method and apparatus are described to reduce the tension required on a riser pipe used in offshore drilling between a floating vessel and a subsea wellhead. Heavy drilling fluid is circulated down a drill pipe and up the annulus between the drill pipe and the borehole wall to a point just above a subsea wellhead. From this point, a separate drilling fluid return conduit extends to the floating vessel. Means are provided to maintain a con-stant level of an interface between the heavy returning drilling fluid and the lightweight fluid which can be con-fined within the riser pipe.
JDG:mk
Description
BRIEF SUMMARY OF TH~ INVENTIO~
This invention concerns the drilling of wells, particularly oil and gas, from a floating vessel. The most common method of drilling from floating vessels is by the use of a riser pipe which is a large diameter steel pipe, e.g., 20 inches, which extends from the floating 15 vessel to a wellhead on the sea floor. The lower end is releasably connected to the wellhead by disconnect connec-tors which are commercially available, and the upper end is supported from the vessel by constant tensionlng devices. As wells are drilled in deeper water it, of 20 course, requires a longer riser pipe. When using a riser pipe in normal operations, a drilling fluid is circulated down a drill string through a drill bit and back up the annulus between the drill string and the borehole wall up through the annulus between the riser and the drill 25 string.
When a drilling vessel drills in deep water and is using heavy mud, the marine riser has to be kept under very high tension to keep it from buckling. This tension ; supports the weight of the riser and the weight of the mud 30 inside the riser. The weight of the mud inside the riser pipe is normally greater than the weight of the riser pipe itself. I disclose a sys-tem and me-thod for greatly reducing the weight of the clrilling mud wi-thin the riser pipe. A seal is provided at the top of the riser. The 35 seal is of the type that permits the drill pipe to rotate and advance downwardly through it when it is not ener-gized. I nex-t provide a mud return conduit from the bot-tom interior of the riser pipe to the vessel. Above : ., ~.
..
:
': , the drillin~ mud and in most of the riser pipe is a low-density fluid. Sufficlent pressure is provided on this low-density fluid to prevent the drilling mud from rising substantially in the riser pipe. A pump is pro-5 vided in the mud return conduit to pump the mud throughthe conduit to the vessel instead of up through the riser pipe 7 as is normally done. This permits the use of the required heavy or high-density drilling fluid, yet ~eeps the high-density drilling flui~ from the riser pipe so 10 that the tensioni.ng on the riser pipe is much less than is normally the case.
Control means for the pump is provided and is responsive to the interface between the drilling fluid and , the lightweight fluid in the riser annulus. This assists 15 in maintaining the interface at a desired level. As will be explained hereinafter, by the use of the method described herein, I reduce -the chances of fracturing a shallower formation when a heavy mucl is required to con--trol the well when drilling at a deeper depth.
A bet-ter understanding of the invention can be had from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
DRAWINGS
FIGU~E 1 illustrates a drilling system using a 25 riser pipe supported from a floating vessel to drill a subsea well in which the riser pipe is filled with a low-density fluid.
FIGU~E 2 is a pressure gradient chart illus-trating pressure at various depths with and without -the 30 present invention.
. DETAILED DESCKIPTION OF THE INVENTION
,., Shown in FIGURE l is a drilling vessel 10 floating on a body of water 12 with a bottom 14. A riser pipe 16 connects the vessel to a subsea wellhead 1~ which 35 is provided with blowout preventers and other necessary valves and is moun-ted on a casing 20 which extends into the seafloor l~. The upper end of the riser pipe is sup-ported from the drilling vessel by cables or lines 22 ' ~
.
.
6~
connected to constant tensioning devices 24 in a known manner. A slip joint 26 is provided in the riser pipe 16 in its upper end and a drill string 28 is supported within the riser pipe from a derrick, not shown, on drilling 5 vessel 10.
A seal 30 is provided in the upper end of riser pipe 16. Seal 30 can be a ~ydril ~ag Type BOP such as Type GL or GK shown in the 1978~79 Composite Ca-talog, Pages 36-40. To decrease the wear on seal 30, an optimal ;10 section or joint of polished drill pipe can be threaded into the drill string just below the kelley and kept in that position during the drilling of the well. A light-weight fluid conduit 32 is connected at point 34 to the interior of the rlser pipe 16 and extends to a pump 36 and 15 a supply of lightweight fluid not shown. A return mud flow line 3~ connects into the annulus of the riser pipe 16 just above wellhead 13 and extends to m-ucl return tanks and facilities 40 which are carriecl by vessel 1~. The return mud line can be one of the "kill and choke" lines 20 with appropriate bypass valving for the pump. ~ mud re-turn pump 42 is provided in -the l.ower end of mud return conduit 38.
In F~GURE 1, the mud return pump 42 can be con-trolled by a level control means 43 to sense and control 25 the interface 45 between the lightweight fluid 33 and the heavy drilling mud 35. rrhis p-fevents a full head of heavy drilling fluid in conduit 3g from being applied to the drilling mud at depth. There can be a series of level control means 43, 43A along the riser pipe with output 30 lines 41, 41A going to the surface where one can selec-t which level 45, 45A, etc., is needed to ob~ain the desired pressure gradient. The output from the selected level control is used to send a control signal down line 39 to pump 42. The lightweight fluid upper level 45 is con-~ 35 trolled by a level sensor 47 with a suitable circuit to - average the heave effect. Level 45 is detected in con-tainer 49 which is connected to line 32. In the case where the lightweight fluid is a gas, it is controlled by ~ . .
. ~
.: .
. j ~ .
: .
.
a pressure regulator instead of level sensor 47. The output of liquid level control sensor 47 or o-f the pres-sure regular controls pump 36 so as to rnaintain a constant level 45 or selected pressure.
The lightweigh-t fluid can be sea water, which weighs approximately 3.6 lbs/gal or it may be nitrogen gas. The heavy mud which it replaced may weigh as much as 18 lbs/gal or more. Withou-t my system, -the tension needed - to be applied to riser 16 from the vessel 10 would typi-lO cally be 400~000 lbs. With my system, using a lig~tweight fluid such as sea wa-ter, the tension which needs to be applied is only 200,000 lbs. This example is for a 16"
riser with flotation, in 1260 ! Of water, an 18 lbs/gal drilling fluid, 50 foot of vessel offset, 1 ft/sec cur-15 rent, 25 f-t, ll-second waves, and maximum lower ball angle of 4.
Attention is next directed to FIGURE 2 which illustrates pressure gradients Eor the drilli.ng mud in the borehole of the drilling mud at various depths. Shown 20 thereon is a chart having depth versus pressure. The chart shows the water depth as D1. By using known tech-nology in a given area for a depth D3 it can be deter-mined that the drilling mud should exert a pressure P3 on the formation in order to give proper control in accor-25 dance with good drilling prac-tices. This would require a certain mud weight. If the riser pipe is filled with this mud, the pressure obtained with depth is indicated by line 44, which is much higher than the pressure indica-ted by line 46 which is obtained if we use a low-density fluid 30 in the riser pipe. This is true for all points except at the surface and at depth D3. At the sea floor, -the pressure in the conventional sys-tem is about twice what it is in our system. At depth D2, ther~e is a P2 which is still substantial. The difference in pressure is 35 illustrated by the shaded area ~8. If the pressure P3, which is required at D3, is obtained, then the pressure at a point D2, as illustrated on line 44, might be suf-ficient to fracture the formation at depth D2. This, of :.
~, :
.
~ . .
6~
: course, could be hazardous. One way of combating this would be to set casing~ However, this cannot always be done and frequently cannot be done economically. This becomes more and more true as the water depth Dl becomes 5 greater and greater. As can be seen then with my system and the pump operational, I maintain a pressure gradient curve 46 which is much less than that of curve 44~ yet at depth D3 we can obtain the required pressure P3. In order to obtain the required pressure P3, a slightly 10 heavier drilling mud may be needed for the drilling fluid in order to obtain the pressure P3 because there is a head H2 of drilling mud and Hl of sea r.~ater instead of having heads H2 and Hl each of the drilling mud.
While the above description has been made in 15 detail, it is possible to make variations therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
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This invention concerns the drilling of wells, particularly oil and gas, from a floating vessel. The most common method of drilling from floating vessels is by the use of a riser pipe which is a large diameter steel pipe, e.g., 20 inches, which extends from the floating 15 vessel to a wellhead on the sea floor. The lower end is releasably connected to the wellhead by disconnect connec-tors which are commercially available, and the upper end is supported from the vessel by constant tensionlng devices. As wells are drilled in deeper water it, of 20 course, requires a longer riser pipe. When using a riser pipe in normal operations, a drilling fluid is circulated down a drill string through a drill bit and back up the annulus between the drill string and the borehole wall up through the annulus between the riser and the drill 25 string.
When a drilling vessel drills in deep water and is using heavy mud, the marine riser has to be kept under very high tension to keep it from buckling. This tension ; supports the weight of the riser and the weight of the mud 30 inside the riser. The weight of the mud inside the riser pipe is normally greater than the weight of the riser pipe itself. I disclose a sys-tem and me-thod for greatly reducing the weight of the clrilling mud wi-thin the riser pipe. A seal is provided at the top of the riser. The 35 seal is of the type that permits the drill pipe to rotate and advance downwardly through it when it is not ener-gized. I nex-t provide a mud return conduit from the bot-tom interior of the riser pipe to the vessel. Above : ., ~.
..
:
': , the drillin~ mud and in most of the riser pipe is a low-density fluid. Sufficlent pressure is provided on this low-density fluid to prevent the drilling mud from rising substantially in the riser pipe. A pump is pro-5 vided in the mud return conduit to pump the mud throughthe conduit to the vessel instead of up through the riser pipe 7 as is normally done. This permits the use of the required heavy or high-density drilling fluid, yet ~eeps the high-density drilling flui~ from the riser pipe so 10 that the tensioni.ng on the riser pipe is much less than is normally the case.
Control means for the pump is provided and is responsive to the interface between the drilling fluid and , the lightweight fluid in the riser annulus. This assists 15 in maintaining the interface at a desired level. As will be explained hereinafter, by the use of the method described herein, I reduce -the chances of fracturing a shallower formation when a heavy mucl is required to con--trol the well when drilling at a deeper depth.
A bet-ter understanding of the invention can be had from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
DRAWINGS
FIGU~E 1 illustrates a drilling system using a 25 riser pipe supported from a floating vessel to drill a subsea well in which the riser pipe is filled with a low-density fluid.
FIGU~E 2 is a pressure gradient chart illus-trating pressure at various depths with and without -the 30 present invention.
. DETAILED DESCKIPTION OF THE INVENTION
,., Shown in FIGURE l is a drilling vessel 10 floating on a body of water 12 with a bottom 14. A riser pipe 16 connects the vessel to a subsea wellhead 1~ which 35 is provided with blowout preventers and other necessary valves and is moun-ted on a casing 20 which extends into the seafloor l~. The upper end of the riser pipe is sup-ported from the drilling vessel by cables or lines 22 ' ~
.
.
6~
connected to constant tensioning devices 24 in a known manner. A slip joint 26 is provided in the riser pipe 16 in its upper end and a drill string 28 is supported within the riser pipe from a derrick, not shown, on drilling 5 vessel 10.
A seal 30 is provided in the upper end of riser pipe 16. Seal 30 can be a ~ydril ~ag Type BOP such as Type GL or GK shown in the 1978~79 Composite Ca-talog, Pages 36-40. To decrease the wear on seal 30, an optimal ;10 section or joint of polished drill pipe can be threaded into the drill string just below the kelley and kept in that position during the drilling of the well. A light-weight fluid conduit 32 is connected at point 34 to the interior of the rlser pipe 16 and extends to a pump 36 and 15 a supply of lightweight fluid not shown. A return mud flow line 3~ connects into the annulus of the riser pipe 16 just above wellhead 13 and extends to m-ucl return tanks and facilities 40 which are carriecl by vessel 1~. The return mud line can be one of the "kill and choke" lines 20 with appropriate bypass valving for the pump. ~ mud re-turn pump 42 is provided in -the l.ower end of mud return conduit 38.
In F~GURE 1, the mud return pump 42 can be con-trolled by a level control means 43 to sense and control 25 the interface 45 between the lightweight fluid 33 and the heavy drilling mud 35. rrhis p-fevents a full head of heavy drilling fluid in conduit 3g from being applied to the drilling mud at depth. There can be a series of level control means 43, 43A along the riser pipe with output 30 lines 41, 41A going to the surface where one can selec-t which level 45, 45A, etc., is needed to ob~ain the desired pressure gradient. The output from the selected level control is used to send a control signal down line 39 to pump 42. The lightweight fluid upper level 45 is con-~ 35 trolled by a level sensor 47 with a suitable circuit to - average the heave effect. Level 45 is detected in con-tainer 49 which is connected to line 32. In the case where the lightweight fluid is a gas, it is controlled by ~ . .
. ~
.: .
. j ~ .
: .
.
a pressure regulator instead of level sensor 47. The output of liquid level control sensor 47 or o-f the pres-sure regular controls pump 36 so as to rnaintain a constant level 45 or selected pressure.
The lightweigh-t fluid can be sea water, which weighs approximately 3.6 lbs/gal or it may be nitrogen gas. The heavy mud which it replaced may weigh as much as 18 lbs/gal or more. Withou-t my system, -the tension needed - to be applied to riser 16 from the vessel 10 would typi-lO cally be 400~000 lbs. With my system, using a lig~tweight fluid such as sea wa-ter, the tension which needs to be applied is only 200,000 lbs. This example is for a 16"
riser with flotation, in 1260 ! Of water, an 18 lbs/gal drilling fluid, 50 foot of vessel offset, 1 ft/sec cur-15 rent, 25 f-t, ll-second waves, and maximum lower ball angle of 4.
Attention is next directed to FIGURE 2 which illustrates pressure gradients Eor the drilli.ng mud in the borehole of the drilling mud at various depths. Shown 20 thereon is a chart having depth versus pressure. The chart shows the water depth as D1. By using known tech-nology in a given area for a depth D3 it can be deter-mined that the drilling mud should exert a pressure P3 on the formation in order to give proper control in accor-25 dance with good drilling prac-tices. This would require a certain mud weight. If the riser pipe is filled with this mud, the pressure obtained with depth is indicated by line 44, which is much higher than the pressure indica-ted by line 46 which is obtained if we use a low-density fluid 30 in the riser pipe. This is true for all points except at the surface and at depth D3. At the sea floor, -the pressure in the conventional sys-tem is about twice what it is in our system. At depth D2, ther~e is a P2 which is still substantial. The difference in pressure is 35 illustrated by the shaded area ~8. If the pressure P3, which is required at D3, is obtained, then the pressure at a point D2, as illustrated on line 44, might be suf-ficient to fracture the formation at depth D2. This, of :.
~, :
.
~ . .
6~
: course, could be hazardous. One way of combating this would be to set casing~ However, this cannot always be done and frequently cannot be done economically. This becomes more and more true as the water depth Dl becomes 5 greater and greater. As can be seen then with my system and the pump operational, I maintain a pressure gradient curve 46 which is much less than that of curve 44~ yet at depth D3 we can obtain the required pressure P3. In order to obtain the required pressure P3, a slightly 10 heavier drilling mud may be needed for the drilling fluid in order to obtain the pressure P3 because there is a head H2 of drilling mud and Hl of sea r.~ater instead of having heads H2 and Hl each of the drilling mud.
While the above description has been made in 15 detail, it is possible to make variations therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
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' . " ,, ,,, .. , : . ' -:
~ . , .
.`'` ` ~ ' `
. . , , , . ,: ,
Claims (13)
1. A method of drilling a subsea well from a vessel floating on a body of water in which a drilling fluid is circulated down a drill pipe through a drill bit and returned up the annulus between a drill string and the borehole wall, the improvement which comprises:
providing a riser pipe from said wellhead to said ship, maintaining a lightweight fluid in said riser on top of the drilling fluid in said annulus, said lightweight fluid having a density less than said drilling fluid, and;
connecting the annulus below said light-weight fluid to a return conduit extending to said vessel.
providing a riser pipe from said wellhead to said ship, maintaining a lightweight fluid in said riser on top of the drilling fluid in said annulus, said lightweight fluid having a density less than said drilling fluid, and;
connecting the annulus below said light-weight fluid to a return conduit extending to said vessel.
2. A method as defined in Claim 1 including the step of providing a pump in said return conduit.
3. A method as defined in Claim 2 including providing an interface detector between said drilling fluid and said lightweight fluid and controlling the pumping of drilling fluid to the vessel external of said riser in response to the output of said interface detector.
4. A method as defined in Claim 3 including providing a plurality of interface sensors at a plurality of elevations along said riser pipe and controlling said pump by a selected one of said interface sensors.
5. A method as defined in Claim 3 in which said lightweight fluid is sea water.
6. A method as defined in Claim 1 including the step of maintaining selected pressures on said lightweight fluid.
7. A method as defined in Claim 1 including providing a seal in the upper end of said riser pipe through which said drill string can advance and rotate;
providing a pump in a conduit extending from the lower end of the annular space of said riser pipe and said drill string and the surface of the vessel.
providing a pump in a conduit extending from the lower end of the annular space of said riser pipe and said drill string and the surface of the vessel.
8. A drilling system in which a subsea well is drilled from a floating vessel by circulating a drilling fluid down a drill pipe, the improvement which comprises:
a riser pipe connected between at its lower end to said subsea well;
tensioning means supporting the top of said riser pipe to said vessel;
a seal sealing the annular space between said drill pipe and the internal side of said riser pipe below said slip joint;
a return conduit exterior of said riser pipe and extending from the interior of the lower end of said riser pipe to said vessel;
a lightweight fluid in said annular space below said seal; and a pump in said return conduit.
a riser pipe connected between at its lower end to said subsea well;
tensioning means supporting the top of said riser pipe to said vessel;
a seal sealing the annular space between said drill pipe and the internal side of said riser pipe below said slip joint;
a return conduit exterior of said riser pipe and extending from the interior of the lower end of said riser pipe to said vessel;
a lightweight fluid in said annular space below said seal; and a pump in said return conduit.
9. An apparatus or system as defined in Claim 8 including:
means to maintain said lightweight fluid under pressure.
means to maintain said lightweight fluid under pressure.
10. A system as defined in Claim 9 including a level control sensors to determine the interface between said lightweight fluid and said circulating drilling fluid and means to control said pump in said return conduit in response to said detected interface.
11. A system as defined in Claim 9 including a plurality of interface sensors at a plurality of eleva-tions along said riser pipe and means for connecting the output of a selected sensor to said pump.
12. A system as defined in Claim g including means to maintain a selected pressure on said lightweight fluid.
13. A system as defined in Claim 8 including means to maintain the upper level of said lightweight fluid at a selected elevation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/133,703 US4291772A (en) | 1980-03-25 | 1980-03-25 | Drilling fluid bypass for marine riser |
| US133,703 | 1980-03-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1147646A true CA1147646A (en) | 1983-06-07 |
Family
ID=22459918
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000369091A Expired CA1147646A (en) | 1980-03-25 | 1981-01-22 | Drilling fluid bypass for marine riser |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4291772A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1147646A (en) |
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| NO951624L (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-28 | Harald Moeksvold | Underwater pressure-control equipment |
| US5660241A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-08-26 | Dowell, A Division Of Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pressure compensated weight on bit shock sub for a wellbore drilling tool |
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| US3465817A (en) * | 1967-06-30 | 1969-09-09 | Pan American Petroleum Corp | Riser pipe |
| US3601187A (en) * | 1969-05-02 | 1971-08-24 | Exxon Production Research Co | Drilling riser |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4291772A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
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