CA1093646A - Implantable temperature probe - Google Patents
Implantable temperature probeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1093646A CA1093646A CA296,081A CA296081A CA1093646A CA 1093646 A CA1093646 A CA 1093646A CA 296081 A CA296081 A CA 296081A CA 1093646 A CA1093646 A CA 1093646A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sensing unit
- thermocouple
- oven
- needle
- implantable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
- A61B5/076—Permanent implantations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/20—Clinical contact thermometers for use with humans or animals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
- G01K7/04—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples the object to be measured not forming one of the thermoelectric materials
Abstract
Canada IMPLANTABLE TEMPERATURE PROBE
Abstract of the Invention A temperature probe that does not perturb incident electromagnetic fields which includes a high resistance thermocouple mounted within a rigid needle structure.
Special leads connect the thermocouple to appropriate meter-ing means to register the temperature sensed by the thermo-couple.
Abstract of the Invention A temperature probe that does not perturb incident electromagnetic fields which includes a high resistance thermocouple mounted within a rigid needle structure.
Special leads connect the thermocouple to appropriate meter-ing means to register the temperature sensed by the thermo-couple.
Description
1~3~6 NAR-1599-F
This invention relates to temperature sensing devices ~- I and more particularly to temperature sensing devices that can be implanted within the body of humans or other animals.
Research has disclosed that tissue and tumors in animals may be destroyed by a selective increase in temperature.
Relataively small elevations of temperature are adequate to effect destruction. When this technique is used to destroy tumors, great care must be taken to avoid injury to the surrounding tissue. Accordingly, it is important to precisely monitor the temperature of the tumor and the surrounding tissue.
While the desired heating may be accomplished in a variety of ways, the present application is principally concern-ed with operations wherein an electromagnetic field is used. In the presence of such a field, many temperature sensing devices either become inoperative or perturb the field and adversely affect the procedure. Any conductive material, line or element, placed within an electromagnetic field will have a radio frequency current induced within it. Such a current in turn causes a new electromagnetic field to be established and such a new field alters the original incident field. It has been found that by utilizing extremely high resistance in the temperature monitoring unit, negligible current will flow and there will therefore be no perceptible perturbation of the incident field. Furthermore, by utilizing high resis~nce within the monitoring unit, the negligible currents that are induced will provide extremely low power dissipation and hence there is negligible localized heat-ing originated by the unit itself.
A variety of temperature probes have been recently proposed. One such unit employs a liquid crystal located at the end of a fiber optics bundle and measures temperatures within a limited range. Since this probe has no metallic components it has little effect upon electromagnetic radiation. Another unit - uses a thermistor and plastic high-resistance leads. The 1~3~i~6 NAR- 15 9 9 -F
Canada , thermistor resistance is sensed by injecting a constant current through a first pair of leads while measuring the voltage developed across the thermistor with a high impedance amplifier connected to a second pair of leads. Still another unit con-sists of a microwave integrated circuit electrode having a transducer that is glass encapsulated and a hyper-thin trans-mission line for r-f decoupling.
According to the present invention there is provided a thermo electric device for intervivo temperature measurements.
The device does not perturb or distort incident electromagnetic fields that may be illuminating the tissue in which it resides.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved temperature sensing device.
Another object of the invention is to provide an im-proved temperature sensing device appropriate for implanting within animal tissue.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved temperature sensing device that is substantially non-responsive to electromagnetic flelds.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention an implantable temperature probe comprises a thin film thermocouple of high resistivity on a thin dielectric substrate mounted upon or in a rigid dielectric rod or needle. The component metals of the thermocouple are supported beyond the distal end of the rod by a flexible continuation of the substrate and thereafter connected at a reference junction that is maintained at a con-stant temperature by a proportional oven.
A complete understanding of the invention, an appreciation of its features, and the manner in which the above objects are attained, will be available from the following description which is made in conjunction with the drawings.
FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of a temperature 1~33~6 NAR-1599-F
Canada probe embodying the invention;
`
FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration of an oven adapted to receive the inputs from three temperature probes and provide an amplified output for the driving of calibrated meters;
FIGURE 3 is an illustration of a typical metering in-strument having dials for displaying the temperature sensed by three probes in accordance with the invention;
FIGURES 4 and 5 show mounting of a thermocouple for use as the temperature sensitive element in the temperature probe of the invention;
FIGURE 6 illustrates one embodiment of the invention wherein insulated semi-circular rods are employed to form the needle portion of the probe;
FIGURE 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the inven-tion wherein a hollow conical rod is utilized as the needle portion of the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a schematic illustration of the needle portion of the invention prior to assembly as a complete ~lnit;
and FIGURE 9 is a detail view showing the connector at the end of a temperature probe.
As shown in FIGURE 1, the front end of an implantable ~-temperature probe 10 comprises a needle 11 suitable for insertion within the tissue and serving as the carrier for a high resistiv-ity thin film thermocouple located near tip 12. The distal end of needle ll is protected by a rigid insulating plastic material 13 which in turn is connected to a flexible plastic conduit 15 which may be coated with a resistive shield in order to eliminate build-up of static charges. This flexible portion 15 must be of sufficient length for convenient utilization of the probe while its remote end is connected to a metering device.
'I,-- , .
9 3~ 6 Canada , ~s FIGURE 1 also shows, the lead wires 14 which extend backward from tip 12, passthrough a capacitance shield 17 which is kept in close proximity to a proportional oven (FIGURE 2).
The lead wires then proceed from the capacitance shield 17 to a connector structure 19 that is illustrated in greater detail in FIGURE 9.
FIGURE 2 illustrates an oven 20 capable of handling the inputs from three probes of the type shown in FIGURE 1.
Each input finds connector 19 coupled into the oven via female counterparts l9a, 19b, or l9c. The inputs are amplified by amplifiers 21a, 21b, or 21c and supply the driving input to meters 22a, 22b, or 22c respectively. The proportional oven 20 establishes the reference junction temperature. This is accom-plished by using a thermistor 24 driving an operational amplifier 25. The desired temperatureis effected by a conventional calibrated temperature sink 23. Amplifier 25 via feedback transistor 26 drives a heater 27 in order to maintain the temper-ature within close limits. In a typical operation, the connector ; end 19 is the reference junction and it is maintained at a con-stant temperature level of approximately 41 degrees Centigrade.
FIGURE 3 shows an instrument panel 30 arranged toservice three temperature probes of the type contemplated by this invention. The connectors 19 of each probe would be coupled to the instrument panel and thence to the oven of FIGURE
This invention relates to temperature sensing devices ~- I and more particularly to temperature sensing devices that can be implanted within the body of humans or other animals.
Research has disclosed that tissue and tumors in animals may be destroyed by a selective increase in temperature.
Relataively small elevations of temperature are adequate to effect destruction. When this technique is used to destroy tumors, great care must be taken to avoid injury to the surrounding tissue. Accordingly, it is important to precisely monitor the temperature of the tumor and the surrounding tissue.
While the desired heating may be accomplished in a variety of ways, the present application is principally concern-ed with operations wherein an electromagnetic field is used. In the presence of such a field, many temperature sensing devices either become inoperative or perturb the field and adversely affect the procedure. Any conductive material, line or element, placed within an electromagnetic field will have a radio frequency current induced within it. Such a current in turn causes a new electromagnetic field to be established and such a new field alters the original incident field. It has been found that by utilizing extremely high resistance in the temperature monitoring unit, negligible current will flow and there will therefore be no perceptible perturbation of the incident field. Furthermore, by utilizing high resis~nce within the monitoring unit, the negligible currents that are induced will provide extremely low power dissipation and hence there is negligible localized heat-ing originated by the unit itself.
A variety of temperature probes have been recently proposed. One such unit employs a liquid crystal located at the end of a fiber optics bundle and measures temperatures within a limited range. Since this probe has no metallic components it has little effect upon electromagnetic radiation. Another unit - uses a thermistor and plastic high-resistance leads. The 1~3~i~6 NAR- 15 9 9 -F
Canada , thermistor resistance is sensed by injecting a constant current through a first pair of leads while measuring the voltage developed across the thermistor with a high impedance amplifier connected to a second pair of leads. Still another unit con-sists of a microwave integrated circuit electrode having a transducer that is glass encapsulated and a hyper-thin trans-mission line for r-f decoupling.
According to the present invention there is provided a thermo electric device for intervivo temperature measurements.
The device does not perturb or distort incident electromagnetic fields that may be illuminating the tissue in which it resides.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved temperature sensing device.
Another object of the invention is to provide an im-proved temperature sensing device appropriate for implanting within animal tissue.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved temperature sensing device that is substantially non-responsive to electromagnetic flelds.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention an implantable temperature probe comprises a thin film thermocouple of high resistivity on a thin dielectric substrate mounted upon or in a rigid dielectric rod or needle. The component metals of the thermocouple are supported beyond the distal end of the rod by a flexible continuation of the substrate and thereafter connected at a reference junction that is maintained at a con-stant temperature by a proportional oven.
A complete understanding of the invention, an appreciation of its features, and the manner in which the above objects are attained, will be available from the following description which is made in conjunction with the drawings.
FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of a temperature 1~33~6 NAR-1599-F
Canada probe embodying the invention;
`
FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration of an oven adapted to receive the inputs from three temperature probes and provide an amplified output for the driving of calibrated meters;
FIGURE 3 is an illustration of a typical metering in-strument having dials for displaying the temperature sensed by three probes in accordance with the invention;
FIGURES 4 and 5 show mounting of a thermocouple for use as the temperature sensitive element in the temperature probe of the invention;
FIGURE 6 illustrates one embodiment of the invention wherein insulated semi-circular rods are employed to form the needle portion of the probe;
FIGURE 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the inven-tion wherein a hollow conical rod is utilized as the needle portion of the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a schematic illustration of the needle portion of the invention prior to assembly as a complete ~lnit;
and FIGURE 9 is a detail view showing the connector at the end of a temperature probe.
As shown in FIGURE 1, the front end of an implantable ~-temperature probe 10 comprises a needle 11 suitable for insertion within the tissue and serving as the carrier for a high resistiv-ity thin film thermocouple located near tip 12. The distal end of needle ll is protected by a rigid insulating plastic material 13 which in turn is connected to a flexible plastic conduit 15 which may be coated with a resistive shield in order to eliminate build-up of static charges. This flexible portion 15 must be of sufficient length for convenient utilization of the probe while its remote end is connected to a metering device.
'I,-- , .
9 3~ 6 Canada , ~s FIGURE 1 also shows, the lead wires 14 which extend backward from tip 12, passthrough a capacitance shield 17 which is kept in close proximity to a proportional oven (FIGURE 2).
The lead wires then proceed from the capacitance shield 17 to a connector structure 19 that is illustrated in greater detail in FIGURE 9.
FIGURE 2 illustrates an oven 20 capable of handling the inputs from three probes of the type shown in FIGURE 1.
Each input finds connector 19 coupled into the oven via female counterparts l9a, 19b, or l9c. The inputs are amplified by amplifiers 21a, 21b, or 21c and supply the driving input to meters 22a, 22b, or 22c respectively. The proportional oven 20 establishes the reference junction temperature. This is accom-plished by using a thermistor 24 driving an operational amplifier 25. The desired temperatureis effected by a conventional calibrated temperature sink 23. Amplifier 25 via feedback transistor 26 drives a heater 27 in order to maintain the temper-ature within close limits. In a typical operation, the connector ; end 19 is the reference junction and it is maintained at a con-stant temperature level of approximately 41 degrees Centigrade.
FIGURE 3 shows an instrument panel 30 arranged toservice three temperature probes of the type contemplated by this invention. The connectors 19 of each probe would be coupled to the instrument panel and thence to the oven of FIGURE
2, via the female portion of connectors l9a, l9b, and l9c. Ad-justment of the calibrated temperature sink 23 may be done via conventional adjustment means by control of operational amplifier 25. The panel includes an on-off switch 33, an "on"
signal light 34, and a ready llght 29 that is energized when the oven has reached the desired temperature level, via amplifier 28 (shown in FIGURE 2). Each of the three meters 22a, 22b, and 22c, - is serviced by a calibrating element 32a, 32b, 32c and a typical ~5~
1~36~G NAR-1599-F
Canada scale adjustment switch 31a, 31b, 31c for selecting desired ranges for each meter (for example, the switch may select a full range of 1 degree Centigrade or 5 degrees Centigrade, depending upon the desires of the operator). The particular panel layout is not germane to the invention and simply illustrates the manner in which conventional controls may be incorporated to provide desired results when using this invention.
FIGURE 4 illustrates the basic temperature sensitive thermocouple portion of the invention. A flexible insulating material 14, such as Kapton*, is provided in thin film form as the substrate for the metallic elements 41, 42 that form the thermocouple. Typically, one might select antimony for portion - 41 and bismuth for portion 42.
As seen in FIGURE 5, the two metallic films 41, 42 over-lap at a central point 40 to form the hot junction-43. This hot junction is available near the tip of the final assembly because the substrate 14 is folded over as illustrated in FIGURE 4. The structure is designed so that the front end of the thermocouple resistivity is high, in the order of 50 ohms per square with line widths of approximately 0.003 inches. In a particular embodiment, the resistance of the first foot was a nominal 200,000 ohms.
Since the bi-metallic material on its substrate, is insufficiently rigid, it must be mounted within a needle or ~ -otherwise rigidized, so that it will be possible to implant the hot junction in the region desired. FIGURES 6 and 7 show several needle structures. The configuration of FIGURE 6 illustrates two separate semi-circular conical portions having flat faces 61, 64 facing each other. FIGURE 7 illustrates an enclosed conical element 70 having an aperture 71 adapted to accept the folded over thermocouple-unit of FIGURE 4.
When using either of the structures suggested in FIGURES 6 and 7, the flexible folded thermocouple carrier is * Kapton is a registered Trade Mark ~0~3~'~G NAR-1599-F
Canada bonded within the needle tip with the hot junction 43 as close to the point as possible. When the separate halves of FIGURE
6 are used, after bondinq, the projectinq portions of the thermocouple strip may be filed or ground down in order to provide a uniform surface throughout the length of the needle.
It has been found that a sapphire rod having a diameter in the range of 0.01 inches, serves as a good needle vehicle. Suit-able flexibility and insulating characteristics for the sub-strate 14, are available from a Kapton or plastic substrate.
In accordance with the invention, the flexible sub-strate 14 with extending resistive leads 41, 42 is maintained intact throughout the length of the probe shown in FIGURE 1.
The distal end of the needle portion may advantageously have a rigid shield 13 or tube of teflon material bonded thereto.
Following this portion, a more flexible tubing 15 advantageously coated with a resistive static-charge shield 16 runs the entire length of the probe, which may be four feet or so. At the remote end of the probe an aluminum capacitance shield 17 or the like is provided in close proximity to the connector 19.
The connector 19 serves the basic function of providing an input to the oven shown in FIGURE 2. This must be accomplish-ed while maintaining the high resistivity of the probe itself, and with minimum modification of the resistivity of each of the component metals 41, 42. A convenient way of achieving this is to provide two semi-circular portions for sandwiching the flex-ible metal bearing substrate 14 therebetween. In FIGURE 9, each portion 91, 92 is fabricated of the same material as the metal against which it butts. Thus, if metal 41 is antimony, antimony is used to form portion 91. Similarly, if metal 42 is bismuth, portion 92 will also be manufactured of bismuth.
In addition to using the flexible substrate 14 as the carrying vehicle at the tip of needle 11, one may elect to vacuum ~r 1~3~i~6 NAR-1599-F
f deposit the metals forming the thermocouple deposit onto the flat surfaces 62, 64 of split sapphire rods, or the like, as shown in FIGURE 6. Where this manufacturing technique is used, an insulating sheet would be sandwiched between the halves, before bonding.
A particular implantable temperature probe has been shown and described. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made in dimensions and materials with-out departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure.
All such modifications as come within the skill of the art are intended to be embraced by the following claims.
signal light 34, and a ready llght 29 that is energized when the oven has reached the desired temperature level, via amplifier 28 (shown in FIGURE 2). Each of the three meters 22a, 22b, and 22c, - is serviced by a calibrating element 32a, 32b, 32c and a typical ~5~
1~36~G NAR-1599-F
Canada scale adjustment switch 31a, 31b, 31c for selecting desired ranges for each meter (for example, the switch may select a full range of 1 degree Centigrade or 5 degrees Centigrade, depending upon the desires of the operator). The particular panel layout is not germane to the invention and simply illustrates the manner in which conventional controls may be incorporated to provide desired results when using this invention.
FIGURE 4 illustrates the basic temperature sensitive thermocouple portion of the invention. A flexible insulating material 14, such as Kapton*, is provided in thin film form as the substrate for the metallic elements 41, 42 that form the thermocouple. Typically, one might select antimony for portion - 41 and bismuth for portion 42.
As seen in FIGURE 5, the two metallic films 41, 42 over-lap at a central point 40 to form the hot junction-43. This hot junction is available near the tip of the final assembly because the substrate 14 is folded over as illustrated in FIGURE 4. The structure is designed so that the front end of the thermocouple resistivity is high, in the order of 50 ohms per square with line widths of approximately 0.003 inches. In a particular embodiment, the resistance of the first foot was a nominal 200,000 ohms.
Since the bi-metallic material on its substrate, is insufficiently rigid, it must be mounted within a needle or ~ -otherwise rigidized, so that it will be possible to implant the hot junction in the region desired. FIGURES 6 and 7 show several needle structures. The configuration of FIGURE 6 illustrates two separate semi-circular conical portions having flat faces 61, 64 facing each other. FIGURE 7 illustrates an enclosed conical element 70 having an aperture 71 adapted to accept the folded over thermocouple-unit of FIGURE 4.
When using either of the structures suggested in FIGURES 6 and 7, the flexible folded thermocouple carrier is * Kapton is a registered Trade Mark ~0~3~'~G NAR-1599-F
Canada bonded within the needle tip with the hot junction 43 as close to the point as possible. When the separate halves of FIGURE
6 are used, after bondinq, the projectinq portions of the thermocouple strip may be filed or ground down in order to provide a uniform surface throughout the length of the needle.
It has been found that a sapphire rod having a diameter in the range of 0.01 inches, serves as a good needle vehicle. Suit-able flexibility and insulating characteristics for the sub-strate 14, are available from a Kapton or plastic substrate.
In accordance with the invention, the flexible sub-strate 14 with extending resistive leads 41, 42 is maintained intact throughout the length of the probe shown in FIGURE 1.
The distal end of the needle portion may advantageously have a rigid shield 13 or tube of teflon material bonded thereto.
Following this portion, a more flexible tubing 15 advantageously coated with a resistive static-charge shield 16 runs the entire length of the probe, which may be four feet or so. At the remote end of the probe an aluminum capacitance shield 17 or the like is provided in close proximity to the connector 19.
The connector 19 serves the basic function of providing an input to the oven shown in FIGURE 2. This must be accomplish-ed while maintaining the high resistivity of the probe itself, and with minimum modification of the resistivity of each of the component metals 41, 42. A convenient way of achieving this is to provide two semi-circular portions for sandwiching the flex-ible metal bearing substrate 14 therebetween. In FIGURE 9, each portion 91, 92 is fabricated of the same material as the metal against which it butts. Thus, if metal 41 is antimony, antimony is used to form portion 91. Similarly, if metal 42 is bismuth, portion 92 will also be manufactured of bismuth.
In addition to using the flexible substrate 14 as the carrying vehicle at the tip of needle 11, one may elect to vacuum ~r 1~3~i~6 NAR-1599-F
f deposit the metals forming the thermocouple deposit onto the flat surfaces 62, 64 of split sapphire rods, or the like, as shown in FIGURE 6. Where this manufacturing technique is used, an insulating sheet would be sandwiched between the halves, before bonding.
A particular implantable temperature probe has been shown and described. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made in dimensions and materials with-out departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure.
All such modifications as come within the skill of the art are intended to be embraced by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An implantable bi-metallic temperature sensing unit comprising a high resistance thermocouple, a rigid needle having a substantially conical portion supporting said thermocouple and designed to penetrate animal tissue, a meter means and flexible lead means extending from the distal end of said needle for connecting signals from said thermocouple to said meter means, said lead means includ-ing resistive material having characteristics similar to that of the metals in said bi-metallic thermocouple, and said needle including materials having resistance to limit the energy coupled from incident radio frequency fields.
2. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1, wherein said needle is formed of opposing halves and said thermocouple comprises two metallic films on a flexible substrate overlapping at the tip of said needle and sandwiched between said halves.
3. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein said substrate is elongated and said metallic films are bonded substantially along the longi-tudinal axis on one side of said substrate.
4. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1, wherein said thermocouple comprises two overlapped metallic films bonded substantially along the longitudinal axis on one face of an elongated substrate, said substrate being folded back upon itself where said metallic films overlap and being inserted into said conical element to position the overlapping area in close proximity to the tip of said conical element.
Canada
Canada
5. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1, wherein said flexible lead means includes a resistive static charge shield.
6. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1 or 5, wherein said flexible lead means terminates in a rigid connector having contacts formed of the same material as bi-metallic thermocouple.
7. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 1, including a proportional oven, amplifier means within said oven, means connecting said flexible leads to said amplifier means, and means coupling the output of said amplifier means to said meter means.
8. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 7, wherein said proportional oven establishes the temperature of the reference junction whereat said flexible leads are connected to said amplifier means.
9. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 2, including a proportional oven, amplifier means within said oven, means connecting said flexible leads to said amplifier means, and means coupling the output of said amplifier means to said meter means.
10. An implantable sensing unit as defined in claim 4, including a proportional oven, amplifier means within said oven, means connecting said flexible leads to said amplifier means, and means coupling the output of said amplifier means to said meter means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US802,115 | 1977-05-31 | ||
| US05/802,115 US4182313A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1977-05-31 | Implantable temperature probe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1093646A true CA1093646A (en) | 1981-01-13 |
Family
ID=25182870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA296,081A Expired CA1093646A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-01-31 | Implantable temperature probe |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4182313A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5434284A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1093646A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2811974A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2393283A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1568655A (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55130640A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1980-10-09 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope |
| US4369795A (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1983-01-25 | Bicher James I | Implantable microthermocouple member |
| US4419999A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1983-12-13 | May Jr James W | Method and apparatus for monitoring vascular flow |
| US4487208A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-12-11 | Timex Medical Products Corporation | Fast response thermoresistive temperature sensing probe |
| US4961422A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1990-10-09 | Marchosky J Alexander | Method and apparatus for volumetric interstitial conductive hyperthermia |
| US4665927A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-05-19 | Pat O. Daily | Intraoperative temperature probe |
| GB2202083B (en) * | 1987-03-07 | 1990-02-21 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Thermocouples |
| US6412398B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2002-07-02 | Trucook, Llc | Temperature sensing utensil with detachable head |
| US6591739B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2003-07-15 | Trucook Llc | Temperature sensing utensil with detachable heads |
| US20110245713A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2011-10-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Medical device comprising a probe for measuring temperature data in a patient's tissue |
| US8292495B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices with thermal sensor calibration |
| US8292502B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Constructions for zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices |
| US20120236904A1 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Brian Mark Burmaster | Direct thermocouple measurement without a reference junction |
| US9354122B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2012112A (en) * | 1932-05-16 | 1935-08-20 | Central Scientific Co | Thermometer |
| US2816997A (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1957-12-17 | Waters Corp | Resistance thermometer |
| US3099575A (en) * | 1959-10-20 | 1963-07-30 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Thermocouple |
| US3466742A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1969-09-16 | Univ Iowa State Res Found Inc | Process of forming an electrical cable for chronic implantation within a living body |
| FR2170796B1 (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1976-07-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique |
-
1977
- 1977-05-31 US US05/802,115 patent/US4182313A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-01-31 CA CA296,081A patent/CA1093646A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-02 GB GB8279/78A patent/GB1568655A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-18 DE DE19782811974 patent/DE2811974A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-25 JP JP6173878A patent/JPS5434284A/en active Pending
- 1978-05-29 FR FR7815968A patent/FR2393283A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2393283B1 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| GB1568655A (en) | 1980-06-04 |
| US4182313A (en) | 1980-01-08 |
| FR2393283A1 (en) | 1978-12-29 |
| DE2811974A1 (en) | 1978-12-07 |
| JPS5434284A (en) | 1979-03-13 |
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