CA1066410A - Positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic disk storage - Google Patents
Positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic disk storageInfo
- Publication number
- CA1066410A CA1066410A CA268,486A CA268486A CA1066410A CA 1066410 A CA1066410 A CA 1066410A CA 268486 A CA268486 A CA 268486A CA 1066410 A CA1066410 A CA 1066410A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- servo
- track
- magnetic head
- magnetic
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
- G11B5/59633—Servo formatting
- G11B5/59655—Sector, sample or burst servo format
Landscapes
- Moving Of The Head To Find And Align With The Track (AREA)
- Moving Of Head For Track Selection And Changing (AREA)
Abstract
POSITIONING DEVICE FOR THE ACCESS ARM OF THE
MAGNETIC HEAD OF A MAGNETIC DISK STORAGE
ABSTRACT
The surface of a magnetic disk (23) is divided into servo sectors (S1) and data sectors (S2). A selectively posi-tionable magnetic head (24) effects, in predetermined time intervals controlled by clock signals of a clock sensor (26), the transfer of servo and data signals. The servo signals sensed in the servo sectors are used for the track following control of the magnetic head.
The servo markings (Ma) recorded in the servo sectors (S1) are arranged, with twice the width (2d) of the data tracks in radial distances of one respective track width (d), one be-side the other in a row along a disk radius. In each servo sector at least three rows (A, B, C) of servo markings (Ma) are provided. The servo markings are arranged in track di-rection one behind the other in such a manner that between each of the rows (A, B, C) a distance (g) is formed, and that each servo marking of one row overlaps a servo marking of the following row by one track width (d).
MAGNETIC HEAD OF A MAGNETIC DISK STORAGE
ABSTRACT
The surface of a magnetic disk (23) is divided into servo sectors (S1) and data sectors (S2). A selectively posi-tionable magnetic head (24) effects, in predetermined time intervals controlled by clock signals of a clock sensor (26), the transfer of servo and data signals. The servo signals sensed in the servo sectors are used for the track following control of the magnetic head.
The servo markings (Ma) recorded in the servo sectors (S1) are arranged, with twice the width (2d) of the data tracks in radial distances of one respective track width (d), one be-side the other in a row along a disk radius. In each servo sector at least three rows (A, B, C) of servo markings (Ma) are provided. The servo markings are arranged in track di-rection one behind the other in such a manner that between each of the rows (A, B, C) a distance (g) is formed, and that each servo marking of one row overlaps a servo marking of the following row by one track width (d).
Description
-22 The invention relates to a positioning device for 23 the acçess arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic disk storage, 24 which is positionable onto selective track addresses of the -magnetic disk, with control of the magnetic head position for 26 the track following by means of servo markings which are 27 . arranged at the magnetic disk in servo sectors of the recording 28 tracks, staggered relative to each other in track direction and GE975019 _ I
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10664~0 1 covering twice the width of a recording track, and with a
.
10664~0 1 covering twice the width of a recording track, and with a
2 switching device which is synchronized with the disk rotation,
3 and which upon the sensing of the servo sectors by the
4 magnetic head applies the sensed servo signals in predeter-mined intervals to a servo circuit.
6 It is known (OE-OS 2,404,309; UK Patent 1,396,834) 7 to design a positioning device for the access arm of the 8 magnetic head of a.magnetic disk storage in such a manner 9 that the access arm, upon positioning of the magnetic head to a track address, is driven by a motor the speed of which 11 is controlled during the positioning movement of the magnetic 12 head by a servo device. This device effects an initial 13 speed, a following uniform speed, and a delay of the access 14 arm at the end of the positioning path before the magnetic head reaches the track address. The speed control of the 16 access arm is effected by a servo circuit which upon reaching 17 of the track address by the magnetic head, is switched off 1~ by the driving motor of the access arm. At the same time, 19 the motor of the access arm is switched into a servo control circuit which initiates the guiding of the magnetic head 21 over the center of a recording track.
22 In the above known device, servo and data markings 23 are associated to different disk surfaces of a magnetic disk 24 gtorage. The servo markings of a disk surface are sensed by a magnetic servo head, and the data markings of a disk sur-26 face are sensed by a magnetic data head. Both magnetic heads 27 are associated jointly to an access arm which by means of an 28 access motor positi.ons the magnetic heads to a selected track .
1 addresses. When the track address has been reached, the 2 servo control for the track following of the magnetic heads 3 i8 switched in which after a few oscillations are guided 4 through the track following of the seruo control over the center of the recording tracks.
6 It is known,(OE -OS 2,202,747; USP 3,691,543) to 7 form the magnetizing pattern of a servo track out of two 8 adjacent track areas which in parallel spots, show positive-9 going transitions of the magnetic flux. In the intervals between these positive-going transitions of the magnetic 11 flux each track area contains a negative-going transition 12 of the magnetic flux which to the negative-going transitions 13 of the magnetic flux of the adjacent tracks is arranged in 14 staggered distance in track direction. From the positive-going transition of the magnetic flux the clock signals are 16 derived, and the negative-going transitions of the magnetic 17 flux arranged in spaced formation supply the servo signals 18 for the track centering of the magnetic heads. The device 19 contains an automatic amplifier control by means of which upon the sensing of the servo signals a correction of the 21 signal amplitudes is achieved when the magnetic servo head 22 reaches differing flight heights in different track areas 23 of the magnetic disk. The amplification control consists 24 in that the signal amplitudes are added up by two negative-going transitions of the magnetic flux. With the same 26 flight height of the magnetic head the sum of the two signals 27 is constant, independently of the deviation from the track 28 center. A changing of the sum signal is determined by 10664~0 1 by comparing it with a reference signal. The difference of the sum signal from the reference signal is evaluated 3 for the amplification control which considers the changing 4 of the flight height of the magnetic head. The servo circuit can thus compensate signal errors originating from 6 the changing of the flight height of the magnetic servo head.
7 Although by means of the known device it is possible 8 to obtain an automatic amplification control for considering g the flight height of the magnetic servo head, it is necessary to generate in each clock period of the system at least two 11 serVo signals having d-ifferent phase shifts. This results 12 in a high transition frequenlcy and a great band width of 13 the magnetizing pattern, with the consequence of a low signal-14 to-noise ratio in th~e generation of the servo signals.
It is also known (GE-AS 1,424,516; USP 3,185,972) 16 to control the track following of a magnetic head by means 17 of servo signals which are sensed at servo markings that are 18 recorded in servo sectors of the recording tracks. The servo 19 sector8 are arranged in the same angular distances between the data sectors of the magnetic disk. The sensing of the 21 data and servo sectors of a magnetic disk is performed 22 by one single magnetic head carrier which is positioned to 23 the track address of a recording track. For that purpose, 24 the servo circuit is controlled by a switching device synchro-nized with the disk rotation, and which upon sensing of the 26 servo sectors by means of the magnetic head applies the sensed 27 servo signals in predetermined intervals to the servo circuit.
28 At the magnetic head carrier a servo magnetic head and a data '.
- - ~066410 1 magnetic head are arranged in parallel in a spacing of three 2 recording tracks. Each address position of the magnetic head 3 carrier has associated thereto two concentric recording tracks 4 of the magnetic disk storage whose data sectors are sensable on the one hand by the magnetic servo head and on the other 6 by the data magnetic head. The return of the magnetic servo 7 head to the center of the servo track is still possible when 8 it has been deflected by the 0.75-fold of an address spacing 9 from the track center to the left or the right, respectively.
The control range of the known device thus comprises a total 11 of the 1.5-fold of the track spacing between two track 12 addresses that are arranged concentrically one beside the 13 other.
14 The disadvantage of the known device consists in that the density of the addressable recording tracks of a 16 magnetic disk storage is limited. In the known device, 17 there is furthermore the disadvantage than an automatic ampli-18 fication control of amplitude controls of the servo signals 19 caused by change9 of the flight height of the magnetic servo head can be achieved only by a more implicate device.
22 It is the object of the present invention to design 23 a positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head 24 of a magnetic disk storage in such a manner that by an access movement of the magnetic head a positioned track address can 26 be selectsd with great reliability, and maintained with great 27 precision by the track follower control 28 This object is achieved in accordance with the 10664~0 1 present invention in that the servo markings of magnetic disk 2 marking areas following each other in track direction are 3 provided one beside the other in spacings of one respective 4 width of a recording track in radial direction of the magnetic disk, and that servo markings arranged one behind the other 6 in track direction in amounts of arc lengths with angular 1 spacings are provided one following the other and staggered 8 by one respective width of a recording track, and that at 9 least three servo markings arranged one following the other in track direction over the center of marking lines are 11 associated to successive track addresses.
12 By the above arrangement of a servo marking pattern 13 in the servo sectors of the magnetic disks of a magnetic 14 disk storage, it is possible to reach, upon an access movement of the magnetic head toward a selected track address, a greater 16 radial control area on both sides of the address track. Further-17 more, the magnetizing pattern permits an improvement of the 18 control precision which is required for the track following 19 of a magnetic head on the address track.
The invention will be explained in detail by means 21 of figures.
22 The foregoing and other objects, features, and 23 advantages of the invention will be apparent rom the 24 foIlowing more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
27 FIGURE 1 - the overall arrangement of the positioning 28 device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic 29 disk storage.
I
1 FIGURE 2 - an enlarged sectional view of the , 2 magnetic disk of a magnetic disk storage with arrangement 3 of the servo and data sectors.
4 FIGURE 3 - the development of servo and data sectors of concentric recording tracks of a magnetic disk, às shown 6 in FIGURE 2.
7 FIGURES 4-6 - signals curves generated upon the 8 sensing of the servo markings shown in FIGURE 3.
9 FIGURE 7 - a circuit arrangement for evaluating the servo signals sensed from the servo sectors of a magnetic 11 disk for the track selection of the magnetic head.
12 FIGURE 8 - a circuit arrangement for the evaluation 13 of the servo signals sensed from the servo sectors of a 14 magnetic disk for the track following control of the magnetic 15 head. 1, 16 FIGURE 9 - a circuit arrangement with magnetic head 17 shifting device for recording servo markings of the servo 18 magnetizing pattern shown in FIGURE 3.
The surface of magnetic disk 23 of FIGURE 1 is divided 21 into servo sectors Sl and data sectors S2. Magnetic disk 23 22 is connected to driving spindle 24 so that by a driving motor 23 (not shown) it can be rotated in the direction of arrow 27. `
24 Recording tracks concentrically provided on the surface of magnetic disk 23 are sensed by magnetic head 21 which is 26 supported at the tip of magnetic head carrier 19. By means 27 of positioning movements of access arm 20 which by access 28 motor 28 is selectively positionable in radial direction of .' , ' .
GE975019 7 l .
10f~6410 1 the magnetic disk magnetic head 21 can be positioned to a 2 selected recording track on the surface of the magnetic disk.
3 After the positioning of magnetic head 21 to a selected track 4 addressing sensing of a concentric recording track is performed which according to the representation, is divided in servo 6 sectors Sl and in data sectors S2 which are respectively 7 arranged in the same angular distances and whose track lengths 8 are dimensioned by respective equal amounts of arc length of g the servo sectors and the data sectors. A marking track 25 synchronized with the rotation of the magnetic disk, which 11 track can be recorded in the outer track of the magnetic disk, 12 is sensed by a sensor 26 and applied to a counter 29. The 13 clock signals sensed at marking track 25 can be used for 14 controlling the signals transferred by thé magnetic head 21, in such a manner that depending on the rotation angle of 16 the magnetic disk servo signals associated to servo sectors 17 Sl, are transferred to line 55, and data signals associated 18 to ~ata sectors S2 are transferred to line 54.
19 By means of a servo device (UKP 1,396,834)(not shown in detail), magnetic head 21, according to a predetermined 21 track address, is approached to a recording track by means of a 22 movement of access arm 20. In the approaching zone of the 23 recording track, magnetic head 21 senses the servo markings in 24 servo sectors Sl, and applied for the precise detection of the track address to "track seeking circuit'i 34 via line 55, AND
26 cir~cui~ 31 of input line 39. Furthermore, clock signals from 27 the output of counter 29 are applied thereto via line 56 and 28 via line S9. The transfer of the "seek-servo signals" from ~i 1, GE975019 8 ~
ll , l .
1 magnetic head 21 via AND circuit 31 to "track seek circuit~
2 34 is carried out by means of an output signal of the "track 3 seek circuit" which, via line 58 and inverter 33, is trans-4 ferred to an input of AND circuit 31. This signal transferred via line 58 indicates that at the end of its access movement 6 magnetic head 21 has not yet found the track address so that, 7 via output line 37 of "track seek circuit" 34, a seek signal .
8 i8 transferred to access motor 28 which effects radial posi-9 tioning of magnetic head 21 until "track seek circuit" 34 10 detects the marklng pattern associated to the track address 11 and sensed at the servo sector, and a respective detection 12 signal is derived at line 58 of the "track seek circuit" 34.
13 This detection signal interrupts the transfer of servo signals 14 by AND circuit 31 and effects an input signal at AND circuit 32, so that by the latter, servo signals transferred by line 55 16 are applied as "track following servo signals" ts.an input 17 line 40 of "track following circuit" 35. The "track following 18 circuit" receives via input line 57 from address regioter 36 19 a signal for the track address, and via line 60 an output signal of counter 29 which, by means of clock signals, deter-21 mines switch times of the servo markings sensed at servo 22 sectors Sl of the magnetic disk. "Track following circuit" 35 23 detects track deviations of magnetic head 21 from the center 24 of a track address, so that line 35 transfers "track following servo signals" to access motor 28 which, through radial driving 26 movements, effects changes of position of magnetic head 21 for 27 its positioning on the center of the recording track.
28 FIGURE 2 shown an enlarged representation of .' 1 magnetic disk 23 with the elements which have already been 2 explained in connection with FIGURE 1. To the surface of 3 the magnetic disk the concentric recording tracks with the 4 track address 1, 2, 3, ... 16, 17, 18 are associated. These recording tracks are subdivided into the already mentioned 6 servo sectors Sl and data sectors S2. Radial lines a, b, c, 7 designate the center lines of marking areas of servo sectors 8 Sl where in radial direction, one behind the other, magnetic g servo markings are recorded.
FIGURE 3 gives a representation of the linear 11 development of the recording tracks, as shown in FIGURE 2, 12 of track addresses 1 to 1& with the section of a data sector 13 S2 which on both sides is limited by servo sectors Sl.
14 Magnetic head 21 is guided over the recording track of track address 14" which shows track width "d". In servo sectors S
16 magnetic servo markings "Ma" are recorded along radial lines 17 a, b, c, which markings show the track width "2d". Servo 18 markings "Ma" are arranged in angular distances "g" in track 19 direction one behind the other in such a manner that their marking center is determined by radial lines a, b, and c.
21 On these radial lines, markings "Ma" are arranged one beaide 22 the other in distances of one respective width "d" of a marking 23 trac~. Magnetic servo markings "Ma" of marking areas A, B, ~4 and C succeeding each other in track direction are arranged in radial direction staggered against each other in such a 26 manner that two servo markings succeeding each other in track 27 direction are staggered by one respective width of a recording 28 track. Three respective servo markings arranged one behind 1, 10~6410 1 the other are associated to marking lines D, E, F where 2 the servo markings characterize three different track types.
3 Magnetic markings "Ma" of the servo magnetizing pattern of a 4 servo sector Sl characterize, along a marking line "D", track addresses 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16. The servo markings 6 of marking lines "E" characterize track address 2, 5, 8, 11, 7 14, 17. The servo markings of marking lines "F" characterize 8 track addresses 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. In this manner, 9 successive track addresses are each associated to different marking groups corresponding to the marking lines D, E, F.
11 Thus, upon the sensing of the servo magnetizing pattern along 12 marking lines D, E, F, different signal sequences are generated 13 which identify adjacent track addresses. These signal se-14 quences are obtained through signals of different amplitude which follow each other with respect to time and which are 16 generated when magnetic head 21 showing the same track width 17 nd" as recording tracks 1 to 18 of the magnetic disk senses 18 servo markings ~Ma" in corresponding time sections TA, TB, 19 and TC derived from clock track 25. The clock control of these time sections could also be derived from the servo 21 magnetizing pattern of servo sectors Sl when the recording-22 free distances "g" existing in the direction of the recording 23 tracks between the servo markings MA are sensed and used for 24 the clock control. The magnetizing of a servo marking "Ma"
can, within a marking area, be formed either by non-erasable 26 or by erasable direct current or alternating current magnetization.
27 Servo markings "Ma" and track width "d" of magnetic head 21 28 are dimensioned in radial direction of the magnetic disk in 1 such a manner that in each radial position of the magnetic 2 head in at least one of t~e time sections TA, TB, or Tc, a 3 servo marking is sensed in the entire width "d" of the 4 magnetic head track. Thus, at least a servo signal of full amplitude value is obtained, upon each crossing of a servo 6 sector Sl by magnetic head 21. This signal can form a 7 "reference signal" for an automatic amplification control 8 of the sensing amplifier which compensates variations of 9~ the sensing signals caused by variations of the flight height of the magnetic head. An automatic amplification control 11 which is used for a reference signal is obtained from the 12 specification of known devices (USP 3,691,543). In the track 13 position of magnetic head 21 on track address "4", as shown 14 in FIGURE 3, the servo magnetizing pattern of servo sector S
is sensed in such a ~anner that the marking "Ma" generates a 16 servo signal of maximum amplitude which, in amplitude areas B
17 and C is followed by respective servo signals of half the 18 maximum amplitude. The difference of the two servo signal 19 amplitudes of the two marking areas B and C presents the value zero which indicates that magnetic head 21 is guided 21 on track center. Upon deviations from the track center the 22 sensing of the marking zones B and C results in differing 23 amplitudes, the difference of which indicates the lateral 24 shifting of magnetic head 21 from the track center. The amplitude of the servo signals, however, depends on the flight 26 height of the magnetic head so that upon a sensing process 27 prior to the forming of the difference of the signal ampli-28 tudes, these are compared with the reference signal which had 29 been sensed in marking area A. Upon a deviation of magnetic 1 head 21 from the center of track address "4", the following 2 servo signals are obtained for a track following, for a 3 ~ervo control by the "track following circuit" 35 of FIGURE 1:
4 Bo = K (l+x) CO = K (l-x) 6 Ao = 2K
7 Lateral shifting x is then obtained from the following equation:
R j B - C
X =
~ I, Ao In this equation, the position-determing servo signals Bo and 11 CO ar~' divided in each difference generation by servo signal 12 Ao determining the reference value. A circuit arrangement for 13 evaluating this equation can be carried out in a known manner 14 by a counting integration circuit which checks how often (as a fractionj the signal value of servo signal Ao is contained 16 in the difference of the servo signals Bo~Co.
17 The servo magnetizing pattern of servo sectors Sl, 18 as shown in FIGURE 3, effects a track selection when magnetic 19 head 21 is brought into the selection area of a track address, and it effects a track guiding in the center of the track 21 address when magnetic head 21 has reached the track address.
22 For this purpose, and by the sensing of the servo magnetizing 23 patterns of servo sectors Sl, servo signals Sk and SO' res-24 pectively, are sensed which are evaluated by the "track selection circuit" of FIGURE 1, or the "track following 26 circuit", respectively, upon the approach of magnetic head 21 27 to a track address, first for a control of the track selection 28 and upon reaching of the track address for a control of the 29 track following.
1~64~0 1 FIGURES 4 to 6 show the signal sequences generated 2 upon the sensing of the servo magnetizing patterns, as a 3 function of whether magnetic head 21 follows a marking line 4 "D", a marking line, "E", or a marking line "F". When magnetic head 21 follows a track line in the middie between two 6 marking lines, this is indicated in the signal diagrams 7 by a double marking, e.g. D/F, D/E.
8 The positioning device for the access arm of g magnetic head 21 can be controlled through the control of the track selection 34 of FIGURE 1 in such a manner that 11 according to the representation of FIGURE 4 track addresses 12 of marking lines "D" are still reached by the magnetic head 13 when the latter is in the position of marking line "F" or 14 of marking line "E". The diagrams of the servo signal sequences show that upon a deviation to the right of the 16 magnetic head from the marking line "D", i.e., upon a track 17 following of marking line "E" or of the inter-area central 18 line "D/E" the maximum values of servo signal amplitudes Sk 19 are obtained in clock time TB. Similarly, upon a deviation to the left of the magnetic head from markinq line "D", upon 21 a track following of marking-line "F", or of inter-area 22 central line "D/F", the maximum servo signal amplitudes Sk 23 are obtained in clock times Tc. This encoding of the signal 24 sequences permits, upon a deviation to the left of the magnetic head from marking line "D", a return of the magnetic head in 26 arrow direction "r" to the right, and upon a deviation to the 27 right of the magnetic head from marking line "D" a return of 28 the magnetic head in arrow direction "1" to the left.
GE9?5019 14 1, 1 FIGURE 5 shows that upon the association of the 2 magnetic head to a track address with the marking line "E", 3 servo signal amplitudes Sk required for the return of the 4 magnetic head are obtained in arrow direction "1" to the left, in respective clock times Tc. Similarly, upon a de-6 viation of the magnetic head from marking line "E" to the 7 left, the servo signal amplitudes Sk required for the return .
8 of the magnetic head to the right are obtained in arrow 9 direction "r" to the right, in clock times TA.
According to the representation of FIGURE 6, encodings 11 of servo signal sequences Sk are obtained or the control of 12 the track selection of a track address with marking line "F".
13 Thé maximum amplitudes of servo signals Sk required for the 14 return of the magnetic head occur in case of deviations to the left of the magnetic head at clock times TB, and with 16 deviations to the right of the magnetic head at clock times TA.
17 The different amplitude values of the signal se-18 quences are encoded, as a function of time, in such a manner 19 that predetermined correlations between amplitude values of servo signals Sk and clock times TA, TB, and TC form chara-21 cterizations for the track selection.
22 By means of FIGURE 7, the operation of the "track 1, 23 selection circuit" 34 of FIGURE 1 will be explained in detail.
24 The servo signals sensed by magnetic head 21 are applied to input line 39 of the "track selection circuit". These servo 26 signals are applied to one respective input of AND circuits 27 61, 62, and 63. To one respective second input of these AND
28 circuits, a control signal depending on the track addressing GE975019 l5 1, ~0664~0 1 is applied. In this manner, AND circuit 63 receives a 2 control signal when magnetic head 21 is to be positioned, 3 by the positioning device of the access arm, to one of 4 track addresses 1, 4, 7, ... which correspond to the track type of marking lines "D". Similarly, the second inputs of 6 AND cir~uits 62 or 61 receive control signals when magnetic 7 head 21 is to be positioned to track addresses with marking 8 lines of the track types "E" or "F". The output of AND
9 circuit 63 is connected to one respective input of one of 10 AND circuits 64 and 65. The second inputs of these AND
11 circuits receive clock signals derived from counter C, so 12 that AND circuit 64 during clock time TA f FIGURE 4j and 13 AND circuit 65 during clock time TC is prepared for actuation.
14 If AND circuit 64 is actuated at clock time TB by a servo signal of maximum amplitude, this means that magnetic head 16 21 is in the deviation to the right from marking line "D"
17 in the area between marking lines D and E. The AND circuit 18 64 output signal applied to the input of amplitude detector 19 70 ~8 trangferred to the input marked "1" of mixer 73 whose output controls via'line 37 access motor 28 for a "movement' 21 to the left" of magnetic head 21. If during clock time TC
22 a servo signal of maximum amplitude is transferred to the 23 input of amplitude detector 71, this means in accordance 24 with FIGURE 4, that magnetic head 21 is in deviation to the left from marking line "D" in the area between marking lines 26 d and f. The servo signal transferred at the output of 27 amplitude detector 71 via the line having the reference "r"
28 to the second input of mixer 73 causes via line 37 and access - . , , i .' .. , 1 motor 28 a deviation of magnetic head 21 to the left. The 2 diagram of FIGURE 4 shows that in case of a track type of 3 marklng line "D" which corresponds to track addresses 1,4 4 7 ... no servo signals of maximum amplitude are transferred S at clock times T~ and TC to the inputs of amplitude detectors 6 70 and 71 when magnetic head 21 is over the center of the 7 track address which corresponds to marking line "D". This 8 signal state which is determined by means of comparator 9 circuit 72 effects at the latter's output line 58 a signal 10 . which in accordance with FIGURE 1, interrupts the transfer 11 of servo signals to the Sk ~track selection circuit" 34, 12 and prepares the transfer of servo signals SO to "track 13 follower circuit" 32.
14 When the magnetic head is positioned to a track 1.5 address 2, 5, 8 ... which corresponds to a track type with 16 the marking line "E", servo signals of maximum amplitudes 17 are obtained at clock times TA and TC which by AND circuits 62 18 and 66, 67 are transferred to the inputs of amplitude de-19 tectors 70 and 71. As already explained above, servo signals Sk are thus obtained at the inputs with the markings "l" or 21 ~r" of mixer 73, which effect deviations to the left or right 22 of magnetic head 21, by means of access motor 28 until the 23 transfer of the servo signals is switched from "track 24 selection circuit" 34 to "track follower circuit" 35.
A positioning of magnetic head 21 to a track 26. address 3, 6, 9 which corresponds to a track type with 27 marking line "F" generates according to FIGURE 6 in clock 28 times TA and TB servo signals Sk of maximum amplitude which 1 according to the representation of FIGURE 7, are transferred 2 by AN~ circuits 61 and 68, 69 as servo signals either for a 3 left-hand or right-hand deviation of magnetic head 21 to out-4 put line 37 of mixer 63, until the positioning device of the magnetic head is switched for the track follower control.
6 The operation of the track following control of .
7 magnetic head 21 is explained in detail by means of FIGURE 8.
8 It shows the individual switching elements of "tr.ack following 9 circu'it" 35 of FIGURE 1. Servo signals SO sensed by magnetic head 21 are applied via line 40 to one respective input of 11 AND cLrcuits 41, 42, and 43. To the second inputs of these 12 AND ciircuits control signals are applied, depending on 13 whether magnetic head 21 is guided to a track address 1, 4, 14 7 ... of the track type with marking line "D", a track address 2, 5, 8 ... of the track type with the marking line 16 "E", or a track address 3, 6, 9 ... with the marking line "F".
17 In the case of a track following control of magnetic 18 head 21 for track addresses 1, 4, 7 ... which correspond to a 19 track type of marking line "D", there occur in clock times TB
and Tc, according to FIGURE 4, servo signals SO of equal 21 amplitude when magnet~c head 21 follows exactly marking line 22 "D". At the successive clock times TB and Tc, the servo 23 signals are transferred at the successive clock times TB
24 and Tc by AND circuits 43, 44, 45 to holding circuits 50 and 51 which effect a signal storing that is limited with respect 26 to time. Signals derived at the outputs of holding circuits 50 27 and 51 are applied to the compare circuit 52 at whose outputs 28 no servo signals are derived when magnetic head 21 is over .
.
10664~0 1 the center of marking line "D" and when the corresponding 2 signal diagram shown in FIGURE 4~is sensed. When magnetic 3 head 21 is shifted from marking line "D" to center line D/F
4 between the two marking lines D and F, servo signals SO are generated whose amplitudes decrease in clock time TB and 6 increase in clock time Tc. When line D/F is reached servo 7 signal SO reaches in clock time TB the value zero, and in 8 clock time TC the maximum amplitude. Similarly, upon a 9 deviation to the right of magnetic head 21 from marking line "D" to center line D/E in the area between marking lines D
11 and E in clock times TB, servo signals of increasing ampli-12 tude are generated, and in clock times TC servo signals of 13 lower amplitude. When magnetic head 21 has reached line 14 D/E, servo signal SO has its maximum value at clock time TB
and its zero value at clock time Tc.
16 According to the representation of FIGURE 8, servo 17 signals SO with different amplitudes are transferred at 18 clock times TB and TC by AND circuits 44 and 45 to holding 19 circuit 50 on the one hand, and on the other, to holding circuit 51. The output signals of the holding circuits are 21 checked by compare circuit 52 which upon the presence of a 22 signal amplitude of the servo signal which at the output of 23 holding circuit 50 is higher than at the output of holding 24 circuit 51 transfers, at the output marked "1", a servo signal to mixer 53. The latter effects via line 38 and via 26 access motor 28 a left-hand deviation of magnetic head 21 27 until the magnetic head has reached the center of marking 28 line "D", and signals of the same amplitude are detected at 10~6410 1 the inputs of compare circuit 52. If from holding circuit 2 Sl to the one input of the compare circuit a servo signal 3 is transferred whose amplitude is higher than the servo 4 signal transferred from the other holding circuit 50 to the second input of the compare circuit, this means, according 6 tb FIGURE 4, that magnetic head 21 deviates to the left from 7 the center of marking line "D", so that during clock times 8 TC servo signals SO are transferred by AND circuit 45 to .9 holding circuit 51, whose amplitude is higher than the servo signals transferred during clock time TB by AND circuit 44 11 to holding circuit 50. Thus, servo signals are produced at 12 the output of compare circuit 52 at the line marked "r" which 13 by mixer 53 via line 38 are transferred to access motor 28 14 for a deviation of the magnetic head to the right.
lS "Track following circuit" 35 effects a track following ~, 16 of magnetic head 21 with an addressing for track type of 17 marking line "D" in the area between lines D/F and D/E.
18 Upon a positioning of magnetic head 21 to a track 19 addrefis 2, 5, 8 ... of a track type with the marking line "E"
there occur according to the signal diagrams of FIGURE 5, 21 servo signals SO in the track areas between lines E/D and 22 E/F due to left-hand or right-hand deviations of the magnetic 23 head, which return the magnetic head to the center of marking 24 line "E". Servo signals SO of different amplitude are trans-ferred by AND circuits 42 and 46, 47 during clock times TA and 26 TC for the comparison at compare circuit 52. Depending on the 27 deviation of magnetic head 21 from the center of marking line 28 "E", there follows via the outputs marked "1" and "r" of .' ''. ' l OE975019 20 i i i 1~66410 1 compare circuit 52 a signal transfer to access motor 28 2 which effects a return of the magnetic head to the center 3 of marking line "E".
4 When magnetic head 21 is positioned to a track address 3, 6, 9 ... of a track type with marking line "F"
6 the signal amplitudes of the servo signals SO which are 7 required for the track following control of the magnetic 8 head are obtained from the signal diagrams according to 9 FIGURE 6. In accordance with the representation of FIGURE 8, the servo signals of different amplitude value are trans-11 ferred during clock times TA and TB by AND circuit 41 and 12 AND circuits 48, 49 to compare circuit 52 which, depending 13 on deviations to the left or to the right of the magnetic 14 head, transfers servo signals via mixer 53 to access motor 28 for shifting the magnetic head to the right or to the 16 left.
17 The output lines marked "1" and "r", in FIGURE 8, 18 of compare circuit 52 can supply access motor 28 with servo 19 signals which depending on the deviation amount of the magnetic head from the center of a marking line increase or decrease 21 functionalIy. Similarly, from the amplitude detectors 70 and 22 71 outputs shown in FIGURE 7 and marked i'l" and "r", which can 23 be designed as threshold value stages, servo signals can be 24 derived whose amplitudes, depending on the shifting amounts of the magnetic head from the center of marking lines "D, E, F"
26 can functionally increase or decrease.
27 The device shown in FIGURE 9 effects the recording 28 of the servo markings Ma shown in FIGURE 3. There are re-.' , .
1 corded in servo.sectors Sl of magnetic disk 23 by means 2 of magnetic writing head 80 fixed on a magnetic head 3 carrier 81. The magnetic head 80 covers a track width "2d"
4 which has twice the width of track width "d" of the recording S .tracks provided for magnetic disk 23. The recording of 6 servo markings Ma is performed through the control of clock 7 signals which are sensed by the clock sensor 26 from a clock 8 trackj25 synchronized with the rotation of magnetic disk 23, 9 and converted by counter 29 into control signals of recording perio,ds T'A, T'B, and T'c. These recording periods effect 11 the t~ransfer of the recording signal from magnetic head 80 12 to magnetic disk 23 in such a manner that servo markings Ma 13 succeeding each other in track direction, are transferred 14 into marking areas A, B, C.
The recording of the servo marking starts in that 16 by control unit 85 via line 100 a control signal is trans-17 ferred to access motor 86 which by access arm 84 positions 18 magnetic head 80 fixed to magnetic head carrier 81 on the l9 surface of magnetic disk 23 in radial direction onto the track address not specifically shown in FIGURE 3, which is 21 the outer track of magnetic disk 23. When magnetic head 80 22 has been positioned, process unit 85 transfers via line 93 23 a write signal to the one input of A~D circuit 88. The 24 second input of AND circuit 88 receives a control signal at clock time T'A, so that via write amplifier 89 a re-26 cording signal is transferred to magnetic head 80. .During 27 a disk rotation there occurs, in all servo sectors Sl of 28 the magnetic disk at clock times T'A, the recording of , ll . ~
10664~0 1 servo markings Ma which are thus transferred into the 2 assoc~ated angle positions of the marking area A of 3 FIGURE 3 of the recording track. During a second disk 4 rotation, an input line of AND circuit 98 receives from the control circuit via~line 92 a read signal, and the write 6 signal of line 93 is switched off. Also during the second 7 disk rotation, control markings Ma of track address 19 8 which are sensed by magnetic head 80 are transferred via g read amplifier 99 and via line 102 to process unit 85.
The mean amplitude value of all sensed signals is stored in 11 process unit 85. During following disk rotations, the 12 contrll signal transferred from process unit 85 via line 92 13 to an input of AND c~rcuit 98 is maintained. During these 14 cycle periods of magnetic disk 23 there is a shifting, following a control signal transferred from the process unit 16 via line 100 to access motor 86, of magnetic head 80 to the 17 disk surface in radial direction toward the interior until 18 the sensing signals that are sensed by magnetic head 80 19 during a disk rotation, and transferred to process unit 85 via line 102 and ~tored therein, have reached a mean amplitude 21 value whose amount is half as high as the mean value of the 22 sensed amplitude amounts that has been stored during the 23 second disk rotation in process unit 85.
24 When it has been determined by process unit 85 that during a disk rotation only half of the amplitude amount of 26 the mean value of the sensing signals has been stored, magnetic 27 head 80 has reached track address 18 shown in FIGURE 3.
28 During a following disk rotation, the read signal I
., . l OE975019 23 ~
~(~664~0 1 is interrupted at output line 92 of process unit 85, and 2 instead a write signal is transferred via line 93 to an 3 input of AND circuit 88. The second input.of AND circuit 4 88 receives during the disk rotation clock signal T'C via S line 83 so that in accordance with the representation of 6- FIGURE 3 in all control sectors S.l of magnetic disk 23, 7 control markings Ma are recorded at angle positions of 8 marking areas C.
9 - After the recording of control markings Ma in the recording track of track address 18, the write signal de-11 rived from process unit 85 via line 93 is interru~ted, and 12 the read signal is switched in via line 92 to an input of.
13 AND circuit 98. During the following disk rotation control 14 marking Ma recorded in the recording track of track address 18 is sensed, and the mean amplitude value of all sensing 16 signals which is produced during the disX rotation is stored 17 in process unit 85. During successi~e disk ~otations, there . 18 is again an advance of magnetic head 80 at the disk surface 19 in radial~ direction to the interior, with a simultaneous 20 sensing of control marking Ma recorded in the recording -21 track of track address 18. The signals sensed at the control 22 markings are transferred by read amplifier 99, AND circuit 98, 23 and line 102 to process unit 85 where the mean amplitude 24 amount of all sensing signals of a disk rotation is com-pared with the mean amplitude amount of the sens.ing signalq 26 stored prior to the shifting of the magnetic head. If, 27 during a disk rotation the mean amplitude amount of all 28 sensing signals reaches the medium value of the mean . ' .
':
GE975019 24 .
, ~066410 1 amplitude amount stored prior to the magnetic head shifting 2 in process unit 85, the shifting of magnetic head 80 is 3 interrupted, and via output line 93 of the process unit, a 4 write signal is transferred to an input of AN~ circuit 88.
S During a following disk rotation clock signals are trans-6 ferred at clock times T'C via line 83 to the second input 7 of AND circuit.88, so that via write amplifier 89, recording .
8 signals are transferred to magnetic head 80. At this time, 9 the latter is on the recording track of track address 17, so that in this recording track in servo sectors Sl of the 11 magnetic disk, at all angle positions which correspond to 12 the angle areas B of FIGURE 3, servo markings Ma are recorded.
13 By a recording device of the above described type 14 all servo markings Ma as shown in FIGURE 3 of the servo magnetizing pattern can be recorded in the servo sectors S
16 of magnetic disk 23. For this purpose, there follows 17 successively.the track shifting of magnetic head~80 from the 18 outer track of track address 19 of the magnetic disk, which 19 outer track is not specified in detail in FIGURE 3, to the interior track 0 not specified in detail. The recording of 21. servo markings Ma takes place successively in different 22 cycles of the magnetic disk in the marking areas in the 23 order A, C, B to which clock times T'A, T'c, and T'B are 24 associated. The correct clock sequence is controlled by 25 counter 29 of FIGURE 9, which is controllable either by .
26 process unit 85 for this clock sequence, or the clock sequence .27 of which i8 following a predetermined counting program depending 28 on the amount of disk rotations.
10~6410 1 . While the invention has been particularly shown 2 and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, 3 it will be understood by those skilled in the art that 4 various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
6 ~h~t i~ ClAi~e~ 16:
., , .
. OE 975019 26 .
1.
6 It is known (OE-OS 2,404,309; UK Patent 1,396,834) 7 to design a positioning device for the access arm of the 8 magnetic head of a.magnetic disk storage in such a manner 9 that the access arm, upon positioning of the magnetic head to a track address, is driven by a motor the speed of which 11 is controlled during the positioning movement of the magnetic 12 head by a servo device. This device effects an initial 13 speed, a following uniform speed, and a delay of the access 14 arm at the end of the positioning path before the magnetic head reaches the track address. The speed control of the 16 access arm is effected by a servo circuit which upon reaching 17 of the track address by the magnetic head, is switched off 1~ by the driving motor of the access arm. At the same time, 19 the motor of the access arm is switched into a servo control circuit which initiates the guiding of the magnetic head 21 over the center of a recording track.
22 In the above known device, servo and data markings 23 are associated to different disk surfaces of a magnetic disk 24 gtorage. The servo markings of a disk surface are sensed by a magnetic servo head, and the data markings of a disk sur-26 face are sensed by a magnetic data head. Both magnetic heads 27 are associated jointly to an access arm which by means of an 28 access motor positi.ons the magnetic heads to a selected track .
1 addresses. When the track address has been reached, the 2 servo control for the track following of the magnetic heads 3 i8 switched in which after a few oscillations are guided 4 through the track following of the seruo control over the center of the recording tracks.
6 It is known,(OE -OS 2,202,747; USP 3,691,543) to 7 form the magnetizing pattern of a servo track out of two 8 adjacent track areas which in parallel spots, show positive-9 going transitions of the magnetic flux. In the intervals between these positive-going transitions of the magnetic 11 flux each track area contains a negative-going transition 12 of the magnetic flux which to the negative-going transitions 13 of the magnetic flux of the adjacent tracks is arranged in 14 staggered distance in track direction. From the positive-going transition of the magnetic flux the clock signals are 16 derived, and the negative-going transitions of the magnetic 17 flux arranged in spaced formation supply the servo signals 18 for the track centering of the magnetic heads. The device 19 contains an automatic amplifier control by means of which upon the sensing of the servo signals a correction of the 21 signal amplitudes is achieved when the magnetic servo head 22 reaches differing flight heights in different track areas 23 of the magnetic disk. The amplification control consists 24 in that the signal amplitudes are added up by two negative-going transitions of the magnetic flux. With the same 26 flight height of the magnetic head the sum of the two signals 27 is constant, independently of the deviation from the track 28 center. A changing of the sum signal is determined by 10664~0 1 by comparing it with a reference signal. The difference of the sum signal from the reference signal is evaluated 3 for the amplification control which considers the changing 4 of the flight height of the magnetic head. The servo circuit can thus compensate signal errors originating from 6 the changing of the flight height of the magnetic servo head.
7 Although by means of the known device it is possible 8 to obtain an automatic amplification control for considering g the flight height of the magnetic servo head, it is necessary to generate in each clock period of the system at least two 11 serVo signals having d-ifferent phase shifts. This results 12 in a high transition frequenlcy and a great band width of 13 the magnetizing pattern, with the consequence of a low signal-14 to-noise ratio in th~e generation of the servo signals.
It is also known (GE-AS 1,424,516; USP 3,185,972) 16 to control the track following of a magnetic head by means 17 of servo signals which are sensed at servo markings that are 18 recorded in servo sectors of the recording tracks. The servo 19 sector8 are arranged in the same angular distances between the data sectors of the magnetic disk. The sensing of the 21 data and servo sectors of a magnetic disk is performed 22 by one single magnetic head carrier which is positioned to 23 the track address of a recording track. For that purpose, 24 the servo circuit is controlled by a switching device synchro-nized with the disk rotation, and which upon sensing of the 26 servo sectors by means of the magnetic head applies the sensed 27 servo signals in predetermined intervals to the servo circuit.
28 At the magnetic head carrier a servo magnetic head and a data '.
- - ~066410 1 magnetic head are arranged in parallel in a spacing of three 2 recording tracks. Each address position of the magnetic head 3 carrier has associated thereto two concentric recording tracks 4 of the magnetic disk storage whose data sectors are sensable on the one hand by the magnetic servo head and on the other 6 by the data magnetic head. The return of the magnetic servo 7 head to the center of the servo track is still possible when 8 it has been deflected by the 0.75-fold of an address spacing 9 from the track center to the left or the right, respectively.
The control range of the known device thus comprises a total 11 of the 1.5-fold of the track spacing between two track 12 addresses that are arranged concentrically one beside the 13 other.
14 The disadvantage of the known device consists in that the density of the addressable recording tracks of a 16 magnetic disk storage is limited. In the known device, 17 there is furthermore the disadvantage than an automatic ampli-18 fication control of amplitude controls of the servo signals 19 caused by change9 of the flight height of the magnetic servo head can be achieved only by a more implicate device.
22 It is the object of the present invention to design 23 a positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head 24 of a magnetic disk storage in such a manner that by an access movement of the magnetic head a positioned track address can 26 be selectsd with great reliability, and maintained with great 27 precision by the track follower control 28 This object is achieved in accordance with the 10664~0 1 present invention in that the servo markings of magnetic disk 2 marking areas following each other in track direction are 3 provided one beside the other in spacings of one respective 4 width of a recording track in radial direction of the magnetic disk, and that servo markings arranged one behind the other 6 in track direction in amounts of arc lengths with angular 1 spacings are provided one following the other and staggered 8 by one respective width of a recording track, and that at 9 least three servo markings arranged one following the other in track direction over the center of marking lines are 11 associated to successive track addresses.
12 By the above arrangement of a servo marking pattern 13 in the servo sectors of the magnetic disks of a magnetic 14 disk storage, it is possible to reach, upon an access movement of the magnetic head toward a selected track address, a greater 16 radial control area on both sides of the address track. Further-17 more, the magnetizing pattern permits an improvement of the 18 control precision which is required for the track following 19 of a magnetic head on the address track.
The invention will be explained in detail by means 21 of figures.
22 The foregoing and other objects, features, and 23 advantages of the invention will be apparent rom the 24 foIlowing more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
27 FIGURE 1 - the overall arrangement of the positioning 28 device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic 29 disk storage.
I
1 FIGURE 2 - an enlarged sectional view of the , 2 magnetic disk of a magnetic disk storage with arrangement 3 of the servo and data sectors.
4 FIGURE 3 - the development of servo and data sectors of concentric recording tracks of a magnetic disk, às shown 6 in FIGURE 2.
7 FIGURES 4-6 - signals curves generated upon the 8 sensing of the servo markings shown in FIGURE 3.
9 FIGURE 7 - a circuit arrangement for evaluating the servo signals sensed from the servo sectors of a magnetic 11 disk for the track selection of the magnetic head.
12 FIGURE 8 - a circuit arrangement for the evaluation 13 of the servo signals sensed from the servo sectors of a 14 magnetic disk for the track following control of the magnetic 15 head. 1, 16 FIGURE 9 - a circuit arrangement with magnetic head 17 shifting device for recording servo markings of the servo 18 magnetizing pattern shown in FIGURE 3.
The surface of magnetic disk 23 of FIGURE 1 is divided 21 into servo sectors Sl and data sectors S2. Magnetic disk 23 22 is connected to driving spindle 24 so that by a driving motor 23 (not shown) it can be rotated in the direction of arrow 27. `
24 Recording tracks concentrically provided on the surface of magnetic disk 23 are sensed by magnetic head 21 which is 26 supported at the tip of magnetic head carrier 19. By means 27 of positioning movements of access arm 20 which by access 28 motor 28 is selectively positionable in radial direction of .' , ' .
GE975019 7 l .
10f~6410 1 the magnetic disk magnetic head 21 can be positioned to a 2 selected recording track on the surface of the magnetic disk.
3 After the positioning of magnetic head 21 to a selected track 4 addressing sensing of a concentric recording track is performed which according to the representation, is divided in servo 6 sectors Sl and in data sectors S2 which are respectively 7 arranged in the same angular distances and whose track lengths 8 are dimensioned by respective equal amounts of arc length of g the servo sectors and the data sectors. A marking track 25 synchronized with the rotation of the magnetic disk, which 11 track can be recorded in the outer track of the magnetic disk, 12 is sensed by a sensor 26 and applied to a counter 29. The 13 clock signals sensed at marking track 25 can be used for 14 controlling the signals transferred by thé magnetic head 21, in such a manner that depending on the rotation angle of 16 the magnetic disk servo signals associated to servo sectors 17 Sl, are transferred to line 55, and data signals associated 18 to ~ata sectors S2 are transferred to line 54.
19 By means of a servo device (UKP 1,396,834)(not shown in detail), magnetic head 21, according to a predetermined 21 track address, is approached to a recording track by means of a 22 movement of access arm 20. In the approaching zone of the 23 recording track, magnetic head 21 senses the servo markings in 24 servo sectors Sl, and applied for the precise detection of the track address to "track seeking circuit'i 34 via line 55, AND
26 cir~cui~ 31 of input line 39. Furthermore, clock signals from 27 the output of counter 29 are applied thereto via line 56 and 28 via line S9. The transfer of the "seek-servo signals" from ~i 1, GE975019 8 ~
ll , l .
1 magnetic head 21 via AND circuit 31 to "track seek circuit~
2 34 is carried out by means of an output signal of the "track 3 seek circuit" which, via line 58 and inverter 33, is trans-4 ferred to an input of AND circuit 31. This signal transferred via line 58 indicates that at the end of its access movement 6 magnetic head 21 has not yet found the track address so that, 7 via output line 37 of "track seek circuit" 34, a seek signal .
8 i8 transferred to access motor 28 which effects radial posi-9 tioning of magnetic head 21 until "track seek circuit" 34 10 detects the marklng pattern associated to the track address 11 and sensed at the servo sector, and a respective detection 12 signal is derived at line 58 of the "track seek circuit" 34.
13 This detection signal interrupts the transfer of servo signals 14 by AND circuit 31 and effects an input signal at AND circuit 32, so that by the latter, servo signals transferred by line 55 16 are applied as "track following servo signals" ts.an input 17 line 40 of "track following circuit" 35. The "track following 18 circuit" receives via input line 57 from address regioter 36 19 a signal for the track address, and via line 60 an output signal of counter 29 which, by means of clock signals, deter-21 mines switch times of the servo markings sensed at servo 22 sectors Sl of the magnetic disk. "Track following circuit" 35 23 detects track deviations of magnetic head 21 from the center 24 of a track address, so that line 35 transfers "track following servo signals" to access motor 28 which, through radial driving 26 movements, effects changes of position of magnetic head 21 for 27 its positioning on the center of the recording track.
28 FIGURE 2 shown an enlarged representation of .' 1 magnetic disk 23 with the elements which have already been 2 explained in connection with FIGURE 1. To the surface of 3 the magnetic disk the concentric recording tracks with the 4 track address 1, 2, 3, ... 16, 17, 18 are associated. These recording tracks are subdivided into the already mentioned 6 servo sectors Sl and data sectors S2. Radial lines a, b, c, 7 designate the center lines of marking areas of servo sectors 8 Sl where in radial direction, one behind the other, magnetic g servo markings are recorded.
FIGURE 3 gives a representation of the linear 11 development of the recording tracks, as shown in FIGURE 2, 12 of track addresses 1 to 1& with the section of a data sector 13 S2 which on both sides is limited by servo sectors Sl.
14 Magnetic head 21 is guided over the recording track of track address 14" which shows track width "d". In servo sectors S
16 magnetic servo markings "Ma" are recorded along radial lines 17 a, b, c, which markings show the track width "2d". Servo 18 markings "Ma" are arranged in angular distances "g" in track 19 direction one behind the other in such a manner that their marking center is determined by radial lines a, b, and c.
21 On these radial lines, markings "Ma" are arranged one beaide 22 the other in distances of one respective width "d" of a marking 23 trac~. Magnetic servo markings "Ma" of marking areas A, B, ~4 and C succeeding each other in track direction are arranged in radial direction staggered against each other in such a 26 manner that two servo markings succeeding each other in track 27 direction are staggered by one respective width of a recording 28 track. Three respective servo markings arranged one behind 1, 10~6410 1 the other are associated to marking lines D, E, F where 2 the servo markings characterize three different track types.
3 Magnetic markings "Ma" of the servo magnetizing pattern of a 4 servo sector Sl characterize, along a marking line "D", track addresses 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16. The servo markings 6 of marking lines "E" characterize track address 2, 5, 8, 11, 7 14, 17. The servo markings of marking lines "F" characterize 8 track addresses 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. In this manner, 9 successive track addresses are each associated to different marking groups corresponding to the marking lines D, E, F.
11 Thus, upon the sensing of the servo magnetizing pattern along 12 marking lines D, E, F, different signal sequences are generated 13 which identify adjacent track addresses. These signal se-14 quences are obtained through signals of different amplitude which follow each other with respect to time and which are 16 generated when magnetic head 21 showing the same track width 17 nd" as recording tracks 1 to 18 of the magnetic disk senses 18 servo markings ~Ma" in corresponding time sections TA, TB, 19 and TC derived from clock track 25. The clock control of these time sections could also be derived from the servo 21 magnetizing pattern of servo sectors Sl when the recording-22 free distances "g" existing in the direction of the recording 23 tracks between the servo markings MA are sensed and used for 24 the clock control. The magnetizing of a servo marking "Ma"
can, within a marking area, be formed either by non-erasable 26 or by erasable direct current or alternating current magnetization.
27 Servo markings "Ma" and track width "d" of magnetic head 21 28 are dimensioned in radial direction of the magnetic disk in 1 such a manner that in each radial position of the magnetic 2 head in at least one of t~e time sections TA, TB, or Tc, a 3 servo marking is sensed in the entire width "d" of the 4 magnetic head track. Thus, at least a servo signal of full amplitude value is obtained, upon each crossing of a servo 6 sector Sl by magnetic head 21. This signal can form a 7 "reference signal" for an automatic amplification control 8 of the sensing amplifier which compensates variations of 9~ the sensing signals caused by variations of the flight height of the magnetic head. An automatic amplification control 11 which is used for a reference signal is obtained from the 12 specification of known devices (USP 3,691,543). In the track 13 position of magnetic head 21 on track address "4", as shown 14 in FIGURE 3, the servo magnetizing pattern of servo sector S
is sensed in such a ~anner that the marking "Ma" generates a 16 servo signal of maximum amplitude which, in amplitude areas B
17 and C is followed by respective servo signals of half the 18 maximum amplitude. The difference of the two servo signal 19 amplitudes of the two marking areas B and C presents the value zero which indicates that magnetic head 21 is guided 21 on track center. Upon deviations from the track center the 22 sensing of the marking zones B and C results in differing 23 amplitudes, the difference of which indicates the lateral 24 shifting of magnetic head 21 from the track center. The amplitude of the servo signals, however, depends on the flight 26 height of the magnetic head so that upon a sensing process 27 prior to the forming of the difference of the signal ampli-28 tudes, these are compared with the reference signal which had 29 been sensed in marking area A. Upon a deviation of magnetic 1 head 21 from the center of track address "4", the following 2 servo signals are obtained for a track following, for a 3 ~ervo control by the "track following circuit" 35 of FIGURE 1:
4 Bo = K (l+x) CO = K (l-x) 6 Ao = 2K
7 Lateral shifting x is then obtained from the following equation:
R j B - C
X =
~ I, Ao In this equation, the position-determing servo signals Bo and 11 CO ar~' divided in each difference generation by servo signal 12 Ao determining the reference value. A circuit arrangement for 13 evaluating this equation can be carried out in a known manner 14 by a counting integration circuit which checks how often (as a fractionj the signal value of servo signal Ao is contained 16 in the difference of the servo signals Bo~Co.
17 The servo magnetizing pattern of servo sectors Sl, 18 as shown in FIGURE 3, effects a track selection when magnetic 19 head 21 is brought into the selection area of a track address, and it effects a track guiding in the center of the track 21 address when magnetic head 21 has reached the track address.
22 For this purpose, and by the sensing of the servo magnetizing 23 patterns of servo sectors Sl, servo signals Sk and SO' res-24 pectively, are sensed which are evaluated by the "track selection circuit" of FIGURE 1, or the "track following 26 circuit", respectively, upon the approach of magnetic head 21 27 to a track address, first for a control of the track selection 28 and upon reaching of the track address for a control of the 29 track following.
1~64~0 1 FIGURES 4 to 6 show the signal sequences generated 2 upon the sensing of the servo magnetizing patterns, as a 3 function of whether magnetic head 21 follows a marking line 4 "D", a marking line, "E", or a marking line "F". When magnetic head 21 follows a track line in the middie between two 6 marking lines, this is indicated in the signal diagrams 7 by a double marking, e.g. D/F, D/E.
8 The positioning device for the access arm of g magnetic head 21 can be controlled through the control of the track selection 34 of FIGURE 1 in such a manner that 11 according to the representation of FIGURE 4 track addresses 12 of marking lines "D" are still reached by the magnetic head 13 when the latter is in the position of marking line "F" or 14 of marking line "E". The diagrams of the servo signal sequences show that upon a deviation to the right of the 16 magnetic head from the marking line "D", i.e., upon a track 17 following of marking line "E" or of the inter-area central 18 line "D/E" the maximum values of servo signal amplitudes Sk 19 are obtained in clock time TB. Similarly, upon a deviation to the left of the magnetic head from markinq line "D", upon 21 a track following of marking-line "F", or of inter-area 22 central line "D/F", the maximum servo signal amplitudes Sk 23 are obtained in clock times Tc. This encoding of the signal 24 sequences permits, upon a deviation to the left of the magnetic head from marking line "D", a return of the magnetic head in 26 arrow direction "r" to the right, and upon a deviation to the 27 right of the magnetic head from marking line "D" a return of 28 the magnetic head in arrow direction "1" to the left.
GE9?5019 14 1, 1 FIGURE 5 shows that upon the association of the 2 magnetic head to a track address with the marking line "E", 3 servo signal amplitudes Sk required for the return of the 4 magnetic head are obtained in arrow direction "1" to the left, in respective clock times Tc. Similarly, upon a de-6 viation of the magnetic head from marking line "E" to the 7 left, the servo signal amplitudes Sk required for the return .
8 of the magnetic head to the right are obtained in arrow 9 direction "r" to the right, in clock times TA.
According to the representation of FIGURE 6, encodings 11 of servo signal sequences Sk are obtained or the control of 12 the track selection of a track address with marking line "F".
13 Thé maximum amplitudes of servo signals Sk required for the 14 return of the magnetic head occur in case of deviations to the left of the magnetic head at clock times TB, and with 16 deviations to the right of the magnetic head at clock times TA.
17 The different amplitude values of the signal se-18 quences are encoded, as a function of time, in such a manner 19 that predetermined correlations between amplitude values of servo signals Sk and clock times TA, TB, and TC form chara-21 cterizations for the track selection.
22 By means of FIGURE 7, the operation of the "track 1, 23 selection circuit" 34 of FIGURE 1 will be explained in detail.
24 The servo signals sensed by magnetic head 21 are applied to input line 39 of the "track selection circuit". These servo 26 signals are applied to one respective input of AND circuits 27 61, 62, and 63. To one respective second input of these AND
28 circuits, a control signal depending on the track addressing GE975019 l5 1, ~0664~0 1 is applied. In this manner, AND circuit 63 receives a 2 control signal when magnetic head 21 is to be positioned, 3 by the positioning device of the access arm, to one of 4 track addresses 1, 4, 7, ... which correspond to the track type of marking lines "D". Similarly, the second inputs of 6 AND cir~uits 62 or 61 receive control signals when magnetic 7 head 21 is to be positioned to track addresses with marking 8 lines of the track types "E" or "F". The output of AND
9 circuit 63 is connected to one respective input of one of 10 AND circuits 64 and 65. The second inputs of these AND
11 circuits receive clock signals derived from counter C, so 12 that AND circuit 64 during clock time TA f FIGURE 4j and 13 AND circuit 65 during clock time TC is prepared for actuation.
14 If AND circuit 64 is actuated at clock time TB by a servo signal of maximum amplitude, this means that magnetic head 16 21 is in the deviation to the right from marking line "D"
17 in the area between marking lines D and E. The AND circuit 18 64 output signal applied to the input of amplitude detector 19 70 ~8 trangferred to the input marked "1" of mixer 73 whose output controls via'line 37 access motor 28 for a "movement' 21 to the left" of magnetic head 21. If during clock time TC
22 a servo signal of maximum amplitude is transferred to the 23 input of amplitude detector 71, this means in accordance 24 with FIGURE 4, that magnetic head 21 is in deviation to the left from marking line "D" in the area between marking lines 26 d and f. The servo signal transferred at the output of 27 amplitude detector 71 via the line having the reference "r"
28 to the second input of mixer 73 causes via line 37 and access - . , , i .' .. , 1 motor 28 a deviation of magnetic head 21 to the left. The 2 diagram of FIGURE 4 shows that in case of a track type of 3 marklng line "D" which corresponds to track addresses 1,4 4 7 ... no servo signals of maximum amplitude are transferred S at clock times T~ and TC to the inputs of amplitude detectors 6 70 and 71 when magnetic head 21 is over the center of the 7 track address which corresponds to marking line "D". This 8 signal state which is determined by means of comparator 9 circuit 72 effects at the latter's output line 58 a signal 10 . which in accordance with FIGURE 1, interrupts the transfer 11 of servo signals to the Sk ~track selection circuit" 34, 12 and prepares the transfer of servo signals SO to "track 13 follower circuit" 32.
14 When the magnetic head is positioned to a track 1.5 address 2, 5, 8 ... which corresponds to a track type with 16 the marking line "E", servo signals of maximum amplitudes 17 are obtained at clock times TA and TC which by AND circuits 62 18 and 66, 67 are transferred to the inputs of amplitude de-19 tectors 70 and 71. As already explained above, servo signals Sk are thus obtained at the inputs with the markings "l" or 21 ~r" of mixer 73, which effect deviations to the left or right 22 of magnetic head 21, by means of access motor 28 until the 23 transfer of the servo signals is switched from "track 24 selection circuit" 34 to "track follower circuit" 35.
A positioning of magnetic head 21 to a track 26. address 3, 6, 9 which corresponds to a track type with 27 marking line "F" generates according to FIGURE 6 in clock 28 times TA and TB servo signals Sk of maximum amplitude which 1 according to the representation of FIGURE 7, are transferred 2 by AN~ circuits 61 and 68, 69 as servo signals either for a 3 left-hand or right-hand deviation of magnetic head 21 to out-4 put line 37 of mixer 63, until the positioning device of the magnetic head is switched for the track follower control.
6 The operation of the track following control of .
7 magnetic head 21 is explained in detail by means of FIGURE 8.
8 It shows the individual switching elements of "tr.ack following 9 circu'it" 35 of FIGURE 1. Servo signals SO sensed by magnetic head 21 are applied via line 40 to one respective input of 11 AND cLrcuits 41, 42, and 43. To the second inputs of these 12 AND ciircuits control signals are applied, depending on 13 whether magnetic head 21 is guided to a track address 1, 4, 14 7 ... of the track type with marking line "D", a track address 2, 5, 8 ... of the track type with the marking line 16 "E", or a track address 3, 6, 9 ... with the marking line "F".
17 In the case of a track following control of magnetic 18 head 21 for track addresses 1, 4, 7 ... which correspond to a 19 track type of marking line "D", there occur in clock times TB
and Tc, according to FIGURE 4, servo signals SO of equal 21 amplitude when magnet~c head 21 follows exactly marking line 22 "D". At the successive clock times TB and Tc, the servo 23 signals are transferred at the successive clock times TB
24 and Tc by AND circuits 43, 44, 45 to holding circuits 50 and 51 which effect a signal storing that is limited with respect 26 to time. Signals derived at the outputs of holding circuits 50 27 and 51 are applied to the compare circuit 52 at whose outputs 28 no servo signals are derived when magnetic head 21 is over .
.
10664~0 1 the center of marking line "D" and when the corresponding 2 signal diagram shown in FIGURE 4~is sensed. When magnetic 3 head 21 is shifted from marking line "D" to center line D/F
4 between the two marking lines D and F, servo signals SO are generated whose amplitudes decrease in clock time TB and 6 increase in clock time Tc. When line D/F is reached servo 7 signal SO reaches in clock time TB the value zero, and in 8 clock time TC the maximum amplitude. Similarly, upon a 9 deviation to the right of magnetic head 21 from marking line "D" to center line D/E in the area between marking lines D
11 and E in clock times TB, servo signals of increasing ampli-12 tude are generated, and in clock times TC servo signals of 13 lower amplitude. When magnetic head 21 has reached line 14 D/E, servo signal SO has its maximum value at clock time TB
and its zero value at clock time Tc.
16 According to the representation of FIGURE 8, servo 17 signals SO with different amplitudes are transferred at 18 clock times TB and TC by AND circuits 44 and 45 to holding 19 circuit 50 on the one hand, and on the other, to holding circuit 51. The output signals of the holding circuits are 21 checked by compare circuit 52 which upon the presence of a 22 signal amplitude of the servo signal which at the output of 23 holding circuit 50 is higher than at the output of holding 24 circuit 51 transfers, at the output marked "1", a servo signal to mixer 53. The latter effects via line 38 and via 26 access motor 28 a left-hand deviation of magnetic head 21 27 until the magnetic head has reached the center of marking 28 line "D", and signals of the same amplitude are detected at 10~6410 1 the inputs of compare circuit 52. If from holding circuit 2 Sl to the one input of the compare circuit a servo signal 3 is transferred whose amplitude is higher than the servo 4 signal transferred from the other holding circuit 50 to the second input of the compare circuit, this means, according 6 tb FIGURE 4, that magnetic head 21 deviates to the left from 7 the center of marking line "D", so that during clock times 8 TC servo signals SO are transferred by AND circuit 45 to .9 holding circuit 51, whose amplitude is higher than the servo signals transferred during clock time TB by AND circuit 44 11 to holding circuit 50. Thus, servo signals are produced at 12 the output of compare circuit 52 at the line marked "r" which 13 by mixer 53 via line 38 are transferred to access motor 28 14 for a deviation of the magnetic head to the right.
lS "Track following circuit" 35 effects a track following ~, 16 of magnetic head 21 with an addressing for track type of 17 marking line "D" in the area between lines D/F and D/E.
18 Upon a positioning of magnetic head 21 to a track 19 addrefis 2, 5, 8 ... of a track type with the marking line "E"
there occur according to the signal diagrams of FIGURE 5, 21 servo signals SO in the track areas between lines E/D and 22 E/F due to left-hand or right-hand deviations of the magnetic 23 head, which return the magnetic head to the center of marking 24 line "E". Servo signals SO of different amplitude are trans-ferred by AND circuits 42 and 46, 47 during clock times TA and 26 TC for the comparison at compare circuit 52. Depending on the 27 deviation of magnetic head 21 from the center of marking line 28 "E", there follows via the outputs marked "1" and "r" of .' ''. ' l OE975019 20 i i i 1~66410 1 compare circuit 52 a signal transfer to access motor 28 2 which effects a return of the magnetic head to the center 3 of marking line "E".
4 When magnetic head 21 is positioned to a track address 3, 6, 9 ... of a track type with marking line "F"
6 the signal amplitudes of the servo signals SO which are 7 required for the track following control of the magnetic 8 head are obtained from the signal diagrams according to 9 FIGURE 6. In accordance with the representation of FIGURE 8, the servo signals of different amplitude value are trans-11 ferred during clock times TA and TB by AND circuit 41 and 12 AND circuits 48, 49 to compare circuit 52 which, depending 13 on deviations to the left or to the right of the magnetic 14 head, transfers servo signals via mixer 53 to access motor 28 for shifting the magnetic head to the right or to the 16 left.
17 The output lines marked "1" and "r", in FIGURE 8, 18 of compare circuit 52 can supply access motor 28 with servo 19 signals which depending on the deviation amount of the magnetic head from the center of a marking line increase or decrease 21 functionalIy. Similarly, from the amplitude detectors 70 and 22 71 outputs shown in FIGURE 7 and marked i'l" and "r", which can 23 be designed as threshold value stages, servo signals can be 24 derived whose amplitudes, depending on the shifting amounts of the magnetic head from the center of marking lines "D, E, F"
26 can functionally increase or decrease.
27 The device shown in FIGURE 9 effects the recording 28 of the servo markings Ma shown in FIGURE 3. There are re-.' , .
1 corded in servo.sectors Sl of magnetic disk 23 by means 2 of magnetic writing head 80 fixed on a magnetic head 3 carrier 81. The magnetic head 80 covers a track width "2d"
4 which has twice the width of track width "d" of the recording S .tracks provided for magnetic disk 23. The recording of 6 servo markings Ma is performed through the control of clock 7 signals which are sensed by the clock sensor 26 from a clock 8 trackj25 synchronized with the rotation of magnetic disk 23, 9 and converted by counter 29 into control signals of recording perio,ds T'A, T'B, and T'c. These recording periods effect 11 the t~ransfer of the recording signal from magnetic head 80 12 to magnetic disk 23 in such a manner that servo markings Ma 13 succeeding each other in track direction, are transferred 14 into marking areas A, B, C.
The recording of the servo marking starts in that 16 by control unit 85 via line 100 a control signal is trans-17 ferred to access motor 86 which by access arm 84 positions 18 magnetic head 80 fixed to magnetic head carrier 81 on the l9 surface of magnetic disk 23 in radial direction onto the track address not specifically shown in FIGURE 3, which is 21 the outer track of magnetic disk 23. When magnetic head 80 22 has been positioned, process unit 85 transfers via line 93 23 a write signal to the one input of A~D circuit 88. The 24 second input of AND circuit 88 receives a control signal at clock time T'A, so that via write amplifier 89 a re-26 cording signal is transferred to magnetic head 80. .During 27 a disk rotation there occurs, in all servo sectors Sl of 28 the magnetic disk at clock times T'A, the recording of , ll . ~
10664~0 1 servo markings Ma which are thus transferred into the 2 assoc~ated angle positions of the marking area A of 3 FIGURE 3 of the recording track. During a second disk 4 rotation, an input line of AND circuit 98 receives from the control circuit via~line 92 a read signal, and the write 6 signal of line 93 is switched off. Also during the second 7 disk rotation, control markings Ma of track address 19 8 which are sensed by magnetic head 80 are transferred via g read amplifier 99 and via line 102 to process unit 85.
The mean amplitude value of all sensed signals is stored in 11 process unit 85. During following disk rotations, the 12 contrll signal transferred from process unit 85 via line 92 13 to an input of AND c~rcuit 98 is maintained. During these 14 cycle periods of magnetic disk 23 there is a shifting, following a control signal transferred from the process unit 16 via line 100 to access motor 86, of magnetic head 80 to the 17 disk surface in radial direction toward the interior until 18 the sensing signals that are sensed by magnetic head 80 19 during a disk rotation, and transferred to process unit 85 via line 102 and ~tored therein, have reached a mean amplitude 21 value whose amount is half as high as the mean value of the 22 sensed amplitude amounts that has been stored during the 23 second disk rotation in process unit 85.
24 When it has been determined by process unit 85 that during a disk rotation only half of the amplitude amount of 26 the mean value of the sensing signals has been stored, magnetic 27 head 80 has reached track address 18 shown in FIGURE 3.
28 During a following disk rotation, the read signal I
., . l OE975019 23 ~
~(~664~0 1 is interrupted at output line 92 of process unit 85, and 2 instead a write signal is transferred via line 93 to an 3 input of AND circuit 88. The second input.of AND circuit 4 88 receives during the disk rotation clock signal T'C via S line 83 so that in accordance with the representation of 6- FIGURE 3 in all control sectors S.l of magnetic disk 23, 7 control markings Ma are recorded at angle positions of 8 marking areas C.
9 - After the recording of control markings Ma in the recording track of track address 18, the write signal de-11 rived from process unit 85 via line 93 is interru~ted, and 12 the read signal is switched in via line 92 to an input of.
13 AND circuit 98. During the following disk rotation control 14 marking Ma recorded in the recording track of track address 18 is sensed, and the mean amplitude value of all sensing 16 signals which is produced during the disX rotation is stored 17 in process unit 85. During successi~e disk ~otations, there . 18 is again an advance of magnetic head 80 at the disk surface 19 in radial~ direction to the interior, with a simultaneous 20 sensing of control marking Ma recorded in the recording -21 track of track address 18. The signals sensed at the control 22 markings are transferred by read amplifier 99, AND circuit 98, 23 and line 102 to process unit 85 where the mean amplitude 24 amount of all sensing signals of a disk rotation is com-pared with the mean amplitude amount of the sens.ing signalq 26 stored prior to the shifting of the magnetic head. If, 27 during a disk rotation the mean amplitude amount of all 28 sensing signals reaches the medium value of the mean . ' .
':
GE975019 24 .
, ~066410 1 amplitude amount stored prior to the magnetic head shifting 2 in process unit 85, the shifting of magnetic head 80 is 3 interrupted, and via output line 93 of the process unit, a 4 write signal is transferred to an input of AN~ circuit 88.
S During a following disk rotation clock signals are trans-6 ferred at clock times T'C via line 83 to the second input 7 of AND circuit.88, so that via write amplifier 89, recording .
8 signals are transferred to magnetic head 80. At this time, 9 the latter is on the recording track of track address 17, so that in this recording track in servo sectors Sl of the 11 magnetic disk, at all angle positions which correspond to 12 the angle areas B of FIGURE 3, servo markings Ma are recorded.
13 By a recording device of the above described type 14 all servo markings Ma as shown in FIGURE 3 of the servo magnetizing pattern can be recorded in the servo sectors S
16 of magnetic disk 23. For this purpose, there follows 17 successively.the track shifting of magnetic head~80 from the 18 outer track of track address 19 of the magnetic disk, which 19 outer track is not specified in detail in FIGURE 3, to the interior track 0 not specified in detail. The recording of 21. servo markings Ma takes place successively in different 22 cycles of the magnetic disk in the marking areas in the 23 order A, C, B to which clock times T'A, T'c, and T'B are 24 associated. The correct clock sequence is controlled by 25 counter 29 of FIGURE 9, which is controllable either by .
26 process unit 85 for this clock sequence, or the clock sequence .27 of which i8 following a predetermined counting program depending 28 on the amount of disk rotations.
10~6410 1 . While the invention has been particularly shown 2 and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, 3 it will be understood by those skilled in the art that 4 various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
6 ~h~t i~ ClAi~e~ 16:
., , .
. OE 975019 26 .
1.
Claims (6)
1. Positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic disk storage, which is positionable onto selective track addresses of the magnetic disks, with control of the magnetic head position for the track following by means of servo markings which are arranged at the magnetic disk in servo sectors of the recording tracks, staggered relative to each other in track direction and covering twice the width of a recording track, with a switching device which is synchronized with the disk rotation, and which, upon the sensing of the servo sectors by the magnetic head, applies the sensed servo signals in predetermined intervals to a servo circuit, characterized in that:
the servo markings of magnetic disk marking areas follow each other in track direction are provided one beside the other in spacings of one respective width of a recording track in radial direction of the magnetic disk;
servo markings arranged one behind the other in track direction in amounts of arc lengths with angular spacings are provided one following the other and staggered by one respective width of a recording track; and at least three servo markings arranged one following the other in track direction over the center of marking lines are associated to successive track addresses.
the servo markings of magnetic disk marking areas follow each other in track direction are provided one beside the other in spacings of one respective width of a recording track in radial direction of the magnetic disk;
servo markings arranged one behind the other in track direction in amounts of arc lengths with angular spacings are provided one following the other and staggered by one respective width of a recording track; and at least three servo markings arranged one following the other in track direction over the center of marking lines are associated to successive track addresses.
2. Positioning device as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that:
the control of the magnetic head position for the seeking of a track address is switchable by a track selection circuit; and the track following control by a track following circuit at successive intervals by servo signals sensed from the servo signal pattern of the magnetic disk.
the control of the magnetic head position for the seeking of a track address is switchable by a track selection circuit; and the track following control by a track following circuit at successive intervals by servo signals sensed from the servo signal pattern of the magnetic disk.
3. Device as claimed in one of Claim 1 or Claim 2, charac-terized in that the servo markings of the marking areas show magnetizing patterns of periodically changing field intensity.
4. Device for recording servo markings in the servo sectors of a magnetic disk for a positioning device as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that:
a magnetic head having twice the track width of the recording tracks and being positionable in radial direction is supplied with recording signals in a predetermined clock sequence in various cycles of the magnetic disk; and where the radial recording positions of the magnetic head are positionable by the comparison of the mean amplitude values of the signals sensed in successive disk rotations at said servo markings.
a magnetic head having twice the track width of the recording tracks and being positionable in radial direction is supplied with recording signals in a predetermined clock sequence in various cycles of the magnetic disk; and where the radial recording positions of the magnetic head are positionable by the comparison of the mean amplitude values of the signals sensed in successive disk rotations at said servo markings.
5. The method of track seeking and following using a pattern of servo signals for grouping the tracks into bands with servo signal durations for each track within each band being in a unique combination, and a plurality of servo signals for each track disposed along a given sector length of each said track;
the improvement including the following steps in combination:
measuring amplitudes of said servo signals and determining sequence of amplitudes for indicating track position within a band; and measuring energy of each said servo signals and comparing same for indicating position error with respect to said indicated track.
the improvement including the following steps in combination:
measuring amplitudes of said servo signals and determining sequence of amplitudes for indicating track position within a band; and measuring energy of each said servo signals and comparing same for indicating position error with respect to said indicated track.
6. The method set forth in Claim 5 further including the steps of selecting two of said measured amplitudes supposedly having equal amplitudes and comparing energy of said two signals for indicating said position error.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752558359 DE2558359A1 (en) | 1975-12-23 | 1975-12-23 | ADJUSTING DEVICE FOR THE ACCESS ARM OF THE MAGNETIC HEAD OF A MAGNETIC DISK MEMORY |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1066410A true CA1066410A (en) | 1979-11-13 |
Family
ID=5965450
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA268,486A Expired CA1066410A (en) | 1975-12-23 | 1976-12-22 | Positioning device for the access arm of the magnetic head of a magnetic disk storage |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4087843A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5280814A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE847987A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7608681A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1066410A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2558359A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2336760A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1566290A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1071478B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7614187A (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2759066A1 (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-07-12 | Ibm Deutschland | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE MAGNETIC HEAD POSITION DURING THE TRACK SELECTION AND THE TRACK SEQUENCE OF THE MAGNETIC HEAD OF A MAGNETIC DISC MEMORY |
| US4188646A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-02-12 | Sperry Rand Corporation | Sectorized data path following servo system |
| BR8101049A (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1981-08-25 | Northern Telecom Inc | SERVO SYSTEM FOR POSITIONING A READING TRANSDUCER, RECORDING MEDIA FOR USE IN THAT SYSTEM, AND PROCESS FOR POSITIONING A READING / RECORDING TRANSDUCER |
| US4383209A (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1983-05-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Control system for transducer positioning motor |
| US4405956A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1983-09-20 | Xerox Corporation | Tracking apparatus for read/write head |
| JPS5862870A (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1983-04-14 | Toshiba Corp | Magnetic disk device |
| US4414589A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-11-08 | Northern Telecom Inc. | Embedded servo track following system and method for writing servo tracks |
| DE3277601D1 (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1987-12-10 | Ibm | Magnetizable recording disk and disk file employing servo sector head positioning |
| JPS59223939A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-15 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | Orientation processing device of disc-shaped magnetic recording medium |
| US4549232A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1985-10-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Phase modulated servo system |
| US4656538A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-04-07 | Xebec Development Partners, Ltd. | Disk drive control system |
| US5095393A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1992-03-10 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Tri-phase servo pattern for providing positioning information in a magnetic disk drive |
| US4688119A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1987-08-18 | Xebec Development Partners, Ltd. | Detection and amplification circuit |
| US4811135A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1989-03-07 | Magnetic Peripherals Inc. | Tri-phase servo pattern for providing information for positioning the transducers of a magnetic disk storage drive |
| US4864434A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1989-09-05 | Magnetic Peripherals Inc. | Method for writing a tri-phase servo pattern which provides information for positioning the transducers of a magnetic storage device |
| US4912576A (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1990-03-27 | Magnetic Peripherals Inc. | Method for writing a servo pattern |
| US4954906A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1990-09-04 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Position control system for a magnetic storage device using a small sized disk |
| US4935828A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-06-19 | Wang Laboratories, Inc. | Seek multitasking disk controller |
| US5170299A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1992-12-08 | Quantum Corporation | Edge servo for disk drive head positioner |
| US5400201A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-03-21 | Syquest Technology, Inc. | Servo burst pattern for removing offset caused by magnetic distortion and method associated therewith |
| US5523903A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-06-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sector architecture for fixed block disk drive |
| JP2008276875A (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Data writing method using magnetic disk device, off-track margin setting method, magnetic disk device, and off-track margin setting device |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3034111A (en) * | 1958-11-24 | 1962-05-08 | Ibm | Data storage system |
| US3534344A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1970-10-13 | Ibm | Method and apparatus for recording and detecting information |
| US3812533A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-05-21 | Vermont Res Corp | Information storage unit transducer positioning system |
| US3924268A (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1975-12-02 | Ibm | High density track follower control system for magnetic disk file |
| US3994016A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1976-11-23 | Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. | Head positioning servo system for disk drives |
| US4027338A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1977-05-31 | Burroughs Corporation | Transducer positioning system for providing coarse positioning |
-
1975
- 1975-12-23 DE DE19752558359 patent/DE2558359A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-09-10 US US05/722,183 patent/US4087843A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-11-04 BE BE172082A patent/BE847987A/en unknown
- 1976-11-08 FR FR7634523A patent/FR2336760A1/en active Granted
- 1976-11-19 IT IT29530/76A patent/IT1071478B/en active
- 1976-12-03 JP JP51144861A patent/JPS5280814A/en active Pending
- 1976-12-15 GB GB52380/76A patent/GB1566290A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-21 NL NL7614187A patent/NL7614187A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-12-22 CA CA268,486A patent/CA1066410A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-23 BR BR7608681A patent/BR7608681A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2558359A1 (en) | 1977-07-07 |
| NL7614187A (en) | 1977-06-27 |
| US4087843A (en) | 1978-05-02 |
| JPS5280814A (en) | 1977-07-06 |
| FR2336760B1 (en) | 1978-12-15 |
| BE847987A (en) | 1977-03-01 |
| IT1071478B (en) | 1985-04-10 |
| GB1566290A (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| BR7608681A (en) | 1978-01-03 |
| FR2336760A1 (en) | 1977-07-22 |
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