CA1065553A

CA1065553A - Absorbent article

Info

Publication number: CA1065553A
Application number: CA246,086A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Hamzeh Karami
Original assignee: Colgate Palmolive Co
Current assignee: Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority date: 1975-02-24
Filing date: 1976-02-19
Publication date: 1979-11-06
Also published as: FR2301189B1; ES453346A1; DK77276A; ES445437A1; NL182279B; DE2605552C2; PT64776A; JPS51116081A; CH608698A5; IT1053842B; ES453347A1; GB1540474A; AU1129676A; IE42300B1; SE432348B; PT64776B; ZA76461B; MX144521A; US3994299A; NL182279C

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An absorbent article comprising an absorbent pad having a front surface, a fluid pervious top sheet covering at least a portion of the front surface of the pad, and a perforated film of thermoplastic material intermediate the sheet and pad. The film is heated to enlarge the perforations and fuse the film to the sheet and pad.

Description

~6~5S3 BACKGROUND OF ~HE INVENTION
The pre~nt inven~ion relates to absorbent ar~icles.
A variou~ assortment of absorbent articles of the dis-posable type, such as diaper~ and sanitary pads~ have been proposed .
which are discarded after a single use. Several fac~ors are of importance in det~rmining wh~ther such articLes will be accept~ble to the consumer. The article~ should rapidly receive and dissi-pate body flu1ds wlthout a signi~icant amoun~ of backwe~ting to ~: the wearer's skin and without wicking and Ieakage from the article, while providing com~ort to~ he wearer. ~uch absorbent articles :
a1so should be a~ailable to the ~onsumer at a relat1vely low c~st, since they are not reused.
~ Much o~ the cost and deficiencie~ in prior articles may be attributed to the structure o~ and the materials used ~n the ~ :
articles. In the case of di~posable diapers, struo~ures are often : ~ provided having an~ab~orbent pad, a fLuid impervious backing she.et ~l.
:¦ oovering a back surface of the pad, and a fluid pervious top sheet covering a front surface of the ~pad. Particularly in t~e case . . : .
: ~where the absorbent pads are made of a mass of fibers, such as comminuted wood pulp, an absorbent wadding sheet is often placed .. . . .
over the front surface of the pad to maintain structural integrity of the pad when wet. In addition to adding to the cost of the diapers, such top wadding sheets impair the function of the di~per in a number of rçspects. The wadding sheets impede the rapidity of fluid passage from the top sheet inta the pad, and xetain fluid h adjacent the front surface of ~the diaper, thus increasing the .
amount of backwetting ~rom the diaper to the infant. The wadding sheet also adds stiffness o the diaper~ t~us decreasing t~e .
amount of comfort the diaper provides for the infant.
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In the past, the top sheet of the diaper, which is usually made of nonwoven material, has been made relatively thick and strong to prevent breaking up of the top sheet when it becomes wet during use. The relatively heavy top sheet utilized in prior diapers also adds significantly to the cost of the diaper.
A principal feature of the present invention is the provision of an absorbent article of simplified construction and reduced cast.
The present invention provides an absorben~ article comprising an absorbent pad having a front surface, and a fluid pervious, fibrous cover sheet fused to the front surface of the pad throughout a substantial portion of a longitudinally extending central fluid receiving region of the pad, said cover sheet being fused to the pad by a heated film of thermoplastic material intermediate the cover sheet and padJ with said film having a plurality of openings in the fluid receiving region of the pad communicating between the cover sheet and the pad, with said openings comprising perfora-tions in the film enlarged by heating.
In another aspect, the absorbent article comprises an absorbent pad assembly including an absorbent pad having a front surface, a back surface, a pair of side edges, and a pair of end edges, the pad assembly having a fluid pervious top sheet covering at least a substantial portion of the front surface of said pad, a film of thermoplastic material intermedi ate and fused to the top sheet and pad in a region overlying the pad, said film having a plurality of perforations extending through the film, at least a part of said perforations being enlarged by heating in a fluid receiving area of the pad assembly in said region, and a fluid impervious backing sheet covering at least a substantial portion of the back surface of the pad.
A feature of the invention is that the enlarged perforations permit passage of fluid through the top sheet and film to the pad.
Another feature of the invention is that the film prevents '~' :~6555~

backwetting of fluid from the pad to the top sheet.
Still another feature of the invention is that the fused film maintains the structural integrity of the pad and eliminates the necessity for a top wadding sheet for the pad.
Yet another feature o~ the invention is that the article permits rapid passage of fluid from the top sheet to the pad due to elimination of the top wadding sheet.

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ll~6S~S3 : , Another feature of the invention is that the article reduces backwettin~ from the pad due to elimination of the toD
wadding sheet. .
A urther feature of the invention is that the article is more pliable and has a better hand due to elimination of the . top wadding ~heet.
Thus, another feature of the invention is that the -article of the present invention is more comfortable to the skin ~f a user.
A further ~eature of the invention is that the fused film reinforces the to~ sheet and ~ermits the use of a relativelv thin material for the top sheet without breaking uo during use.
: Thus, a feature of the invention is tha~ elimination-of the top wadding sheet and the reduction in thickness of the:to~ :
~ 15 sheet reduces the cost of the absorbent article. ` . :
; In a preferred embo~iment of the article of the present invention the top and backin~ sheets and film extend past side and end edges of the pad, and the sheets and film are fused together along the side and end edges of the pad.. , Thus, another feature of the ~re ent invention is that the~film and ~op ~nd backin~ sheets are joined together in a ~ ~ .
~simpli~ied manner.
: Yet another feature of the invention is that the.
enlarged perforations are Dreferablv spaced from the ea~es of the pad and are located over the pad, such that the film and backing sheet provlde a fluid barrier adjacent the edges of the pad to prevent wicking and leakage ~rom the pad.
Still another feature of the invention lS the provis.ion -3- .

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of a method ~.or making the absorbent article of the pres~nt invention.
Further features will become more fully a~parent in the following description of the embodiments of this lnvention and from the appended claims.
' DESCRIPTION OF THE D~A~ING~S
In the drawings: .
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an ap~aratus.
for making ~n absorbent artlcle according ~o a method of the present inve~tio~
Fi~. 2 i,s a diagrammatic view illustrating another :ap~aratus for making an ab~orbent article according to a method~
of the present invention- - I
Fig. 3 i~ a front plan view partly broken away, illus-; 15 trating a partially constru~ted absorbent article or diaper of the present invention7 : Fig. 4 i~ a front plan view, partly broken away, of a ` disposable diaper of the present invention .
: Fig.: S is a fragmentary ~ectional view taken substan-~20 tially as indicated`along the line 5-5 of Fig. 4; and :
. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the diaper of Fi~. 4 .
. folded into a box-pleat configuration.

DE5CRIPTION OF THE PREFERR~D EMBQDIMENTS
Althoug~, for convenience, the absorbent article of `
tXe present invention will be described as a disposable diaper, it will be understood that the description is appli~able to cther.

, ' . , -4-SS5i3 , suitable absorbent articles. For example, other illustxative articles which may be constructed accord~ng to the present inven-.. tion are sanitary pads, maternity napkin~, and wound dressings.
Referring now to Fig. 1, there is shown an apparatus, S generall~ designated 20, for making an absorbent article, suchas a disposable diaper, according to a method of the present invention. ~he apparatus 20 has a first section 22 which cuts : an absorbent material, ~uch as comminuted wood pulp, into ~engths -: as absorbent pads 24, and places the ~ad~ 24~ in a spaced rela-tionship on a fluid impervious backing sheet 26, such as polyethy-. ~ lene, as the baoking sheet passes onto an endless belt 28. The belt 28 is supported and driven by a pair of rollers 30, with the belt 28 being driven in a direction such that the backing sheet .
26 and pads 24 are carried from the first seotion 22, as indi-cated by the direation of the arrows in the drawing~
: ~ A web of thermoplastic mat~rial 32, such as a film of polyethylene, is unwound from a roll 34 and pa~ses beneath a roller 36 to a roller 38 where it joins a web 39 of fluid pervi- I
ous material, such as a nonwoven material, which is unwound from ¦
: 20 a roll 40. The:webs 32 and 39 pass from the roller 38 to a ~er- ¦~
forator generally designated 42.
The perf~rator 42 has an upper roll 44 having a plural-ity of closely spaced neeales or pins 46 projecting outwardl~
from the roll 44 peripherally around the roll. The perforator 42 .
I 25 also has a lower roll 48 deining a reæilient substrate for the upper roll 44 to maintain the webs 32 and 3~ against the upper roll and receive the points of the needles 46 as they pass through the webs. The lower roll 48 may have a plurality of metal .

. 5 ~ S5S3 . bristles 50 projecting outwardly from the roll and extending peripherally around the roll, thus defining a brushlike surface ~or the roll. In another embodimentr the lower roll 48 may have a soft surface, such as rubber, to re~eive the points of the needles~ Thus, as the webs 32 and 39 pass between the upper and Iower rolls 44 and 48 of the p~rforator 42, the needles 46 of the upper roll 44 pa~s through the webs 32 and 39 and perforate the : ~ thermoplastic film or web 32 with perforations, as further des- ¦
:cribed below. The neèdles 46 of the upper roll 44 may extend throughout a sufficient wldth of the roll 44, if desired, to per-forate the entire width of the web 32, or the needles may be I ¦
spaced from side edges of the web 32, for a purpose which will be de~cribed below. ; ~ l ¦
The perforated webs 32 and 39-then pass over rolle~ 5 lS and under roller 54 to a location over~the pads 24 on the belt : ~ ~28. where the webs are placed ov~r the front surface 56 of the .
pads, as shown. A heated roll 58, which preferably has a rela-tively:smooth outer surface, contacts the web 39 o~ fluid pervi-: ous material as ~he webs 32 and 39 and pads 24 pass beneath the roll 58, and heats the web 32 of thermoplastic material through ~ the web 39. A supporting member 60 is provided beneath the belt .
28, such that the pads 24 and webs may be slightly compressed between the roll 58 and supporting member 60 as the web 32 is : heated. The heat applied to the web 32 of thermoplasti~ material ~25 : c uses the perforations in the web to enlarge from the con~igura~- .
tion as initially perforat~d, a~d the heated web 32 is also fused against the compressed web 39 and p_d 24, as will be further des-- cribed below. The heated roll 58 has a cutout portion 62 to -6- i ~LV6SS~i;3 prevent contact of the roll 58 against the webs 32 and 39 inter-mediate the pads ~4 as the~ pass beneath the roll.
A heated member 64, which is mourlted for reciprocal vertical movement, has a pair of laterally extending ribs 66 : 5 which contact and heat the webs 32 and 39 and the ~acking sheet 26 along l~teral lines intermediate the pads 24, and thus fuse the webs 32 and 39 and backing sheet 26 together adjacent end : edges of the pad~ 24. A supp~rting member 6~ is provlded beneath the belt 28 to facilitate operation of the heated member 64 in :
fusing the webs and backing sheet together. The heated member 64 is spaced away from the webs 32 and 39 when the pads 24 pass beneath the member 64, and is brought into the lower sealing Posi-tion intermedlate end edges of the pads. ~ ~ I
Preferably, the webs 32 and 39 and backin~ sheet 26 `15 : have a grea~er~width than the pads 24, such that the webs and sheet extend past side edges of the pads. As the ~ads ~ass alonq ~
; -the belt 28, the webs and backing sheet covering the pads 24 pass :~ beneath a second heated mem~er 70 having a pair of spaced heated rollers 72 located adjacent the op~osed side edges of the pads 2Q 24. The heated rollers 72 contact the web 39 an~ continuousl~
:~ fuse the webo 32 and 3~ and backing sheet 26 to~ether alon~ side edges of the pads 24, such that the heat seal lines extend.the length of the ~ads and cross the lateral heat seal lines made by ~` he first heated member 64. A ~upporting member 74 provides a oupport surface for operation of the heated rollers 72 in fusing the:webs and backing sheet together. The pads 24 then pass from ~: the belt 28 to a second section 76, where the ~ads are severed from each other intérmediate the lateral heat seal lines formed `

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by the heated member 64, and the separated pads are folded and packaged, as desired.
Another apparatus 20 for making absorbent articles according to the present invention is illustrat~d in Fig. 2, in which like reference numerals designate like parts. ~n this embodiment, t~e perforator 42 per~orates the we~ 32 of thermo-plastic material prior to being placed against the web 39 adja-cent the roller 38. As the web~ 32 and 39 are placed on the pads 24, a blower 77 blows hot air again~t the web 39 to heat the web 32 and enlarge the perforations in the web 32. Prior to cooling o~ the web 32, the pad structure is passed beneath a belt 78 which is supported and driven by a pair of ~ollers 80. The belt 78 compresses the webs 32 a~d 39 and pads 24 between the belt 28 and support member 82 to fuse the still heated ~e~ 32 ~o the._ _.
15 ~ web 39 and pad 24. The heated members 64 and 70, which are des-cribed in connéction with the device of Fig. l, may be utili~ed .
to fuse the webs 3~ and 39 and backing sheet 26 together adjacent side~and end edges of the p~ads 24, if desired. .
It will be understood that many other variations are : 20 . within the scope of~ the present invention. For example, the per- ~¦
: forated web 32 of thermoplastic material may be heated to enlarge the per~oxations prior to placement of the web 32 against I the:web 3-9 of fluid perviolls material. If desired, the web 32 of ~hermoplastic material may be fused to the web 39 prior to .
per~forating the webs 32 and 39,~and the fused webs 32 and 39 may :~ ~ be subse~uent1y hedted to enlarge the per~orations. It is conte~-plated that enlarged openings may be punched through the web 32, a~er which the web 32 may be 1amindted or fused to the web 39 5~S~

and pads. If desired, the needles 46 may be ~paced from the side edges of the web 32, such that the~perforations only overlie the pads or are laterally confined to the areas of the web 32 which are ~used to the pads. Also, the neeclles 46 may be spaced i in peripheral portions of the perforator 42~ in order ~hat the longitudinal sections of the web 32 intermediate the end edges of the pads are not perforated.
A disposable diaper generally designa~ed 8~ which is made~according to ~he present invention is illustrated in Figs.
3-6. As shown in Fig. 3, the diaper 34 as partially formed has an absorbent pad 24, such a~ comminuted wood pulp forming a mass of fibers, a fluid imper~ious backing sheet 26 preferably of a thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene, covering a back surface 29 of the absorbent pad 24~ a sheet of çellulose wadding 27 intermediate the backing sheet 26 and pad 24, a film 32 of : ; thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene, having a plurality of small perforations 33, with the film 3? coveriny a front sur-- face 56 o~ the pad 24, and ~ fluid pervious top or cover ~heet 39, such as a nonwoven material, covering the film 3~. The dia-per 84 or pad assembly has a fluid receivin~ region 41 gPnerally : ln the longitudin~l and lateral central region of ~he diaper.:
The perforations 33 in the diaper of Fig. 3 are shown prior to heating, and are shown as extending.the width and length of the film 32.
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2-5 As illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, after the film 32 is heated, a large number of perforations 33 in the film 32 are ~ :
enlarged to openings 33' which permit pas~age of fluid through ~:
~ thé fllm 32. As previously discussed, the heated film 32 is : also fused or laminated to the top sheet 39 and the underlying _ 9 _ l . I

- ) -~lL06S553 pad 24~ The heated fi1~ becomes anchored to fibers in the pad and top sheet, which is facilitated by compre3sion of the diaper while the film is hot. The film which is fused to the pad main-tains structural integrity of the pad 24 when wet, and eliminates S the necessity for placing a sheet of absorbent wadding over the :
front surface 56 of the pad, which would Dtherwise be required to prevent breaking up and balling`o~ the pad.
During use of the diaper fluid pas~es throu~h the top sheet 39 and the enlarged openings 33' directly into the pad 24`.~
l~ Elimination of the top wadding sheet increases the rapidity with ~¦
which fluid passes:into the pad, since the top waddlng sheet ~¦
normally impedes the passage of fluid into the pad. Additionally, backwetting from the pad to the top sheet is reduced by~elim1na-tion of the top wadding sheet, since the~wadding sheet would norm-~15 ~ally retain fluld~ad~acent the top sheet a~ter being wetted.
Backwettlng ~rom the a~sorbent pad is al80 prevented by the film 32 which~provides~a fluid impervious barrier throughout a substan~
:~ :tial area of the dlaper. Elimination of the top wadding sheet also permits greater.conformability of the diaper, since the top wadd:ing sheet normally cause some stiffness to the~front of the ¦~
diaper, and the diaper of:the present invention ~hus has a better hand and~pxovides a more comfortable surface or the infant's skin. In addition, elimination of the top waddin~ sheet reduces the cost of materials in the diaper. :
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~: 25 Relatively thick nonwoven materia~s have~been utilized .
in the past for top sheets in diapers to prevent breaking up of ~ the top sheets when wetted or moved during use. However, the .: ~ ehermopl stic film 32, which is fused to the top sheet 39, rein~

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forces the top sheat and permits the use of a relatively thin material for the top sheet in the diaper of the present invention.
A normal weight for the nonwoven materials utilized in conven-tional diaper-~ is approximately l8-22 grams/~quare yard, whereas a relatively thin top sheet of nonwoven material having a weight of 7-14 grams/s~uare yard may be readily u~ed in the diaper o the present invention without breaking up or tearing of the top sheet during use of the diaper, thus significantly reducing the cost o~ material~ for the diaper. ~he pa~sage of fibers from the pad through the relativel;y thin top ~heet is prevented by the film 32~
. As shcwn in Figs. 4 and 5, the top sheet 39, film 32, and backing sheet 26 extend past side and end edges of the pad . 24, and the sheets and film are fused on lines 45 along side !1 15 ~ edges of tne pad and lines 47 along end edges of the pad. A
shown, the film 32 may be heated only in the central re~ion 41 of the diaper, such that the enlarged openings 33' are spaced from the side and end edges of the pad. Thu~, the fluid ~mpervi-ous film 32 and backing sheet 26 provide a fluid barrier adjacent 1, side and end edges of the pad to prevent wicking and leakage fromthe edges of the pad during use of the diaper. I the perfora-tions 33 extend to the side and end edges of the film 32, the.
small perforations 33 permit li~tle or no leakage through the ilm 32. Alternatively, the perforations 33 mav be spaced from :25 the side edges of the film 32, as well as the end edges of the film, if desired.
In a preferred embodiment of the diaper of the present invention, the thermoplastic film 3~ may have a thickness of .2 to .5 mils, and the top sheet may have a weight of lO-l4 - ` - J `~

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, grams~square yard. In a satisfactory structure, the largest. dls-tance across the perforations or openings 33 may be in the range of .2 to 7 mm8 prlor to heating the film 32, whereas the laxgest `distance across the enlarged openings 33'may be in the range of .2 to 8 mms. It is noted in this regard ~hat some of the per-forations 33 may not be enlarged when the film 32 is heated. The .
film 32, if polyethylene, may be heate~ at approximately ?50 to -300F. to enlarge the per~orations and fu8¢ the film to the top sheet and pad. The size of the openings 331 may be determined in part by the inltial size of the perforations 33 ~nd the extent ~ ;~
to which the film 32 is heated after being perforated, both in temperature and length of time. It will be understood that the words "perforations" an~ "perforating", and other words of simi~

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lar effect, are used herein for convenience, and should not be ~1;
: 15 considered as limltlng the pre~ent invention. Thus, it is ~1 intended that "perforation~" may comprise holes, apertures, slits, ~:
or other openings of regular or irregular shape. Also, it is : ~ contemplated that "perforating" comprise~ an operation or opera-tions whlch provide such psr~orations. The enlarged openi~gs 33' ~ may:also have a r~gular or irregular shape. -: : : A~ illustrated in ~ig. 6, the diaper 84 may be folded~
: into a box-pleat configuration along a plurality of longitudin-: ally extending fold lines.51a, 51b,~51c, and 5ld defining a longi-.
tudinally extending centrai panel C, a pair of first panels B and ~D extending from and overlying the fxont surface of the central panel C, and a pair of outermost panel~ A and E extend.ing from I . and overlying the first panels B an~ D. The pleats in the panels may be retained to the front surface of the central panel C by a I
: ' ~o~sss3 ~air of adhesive spots 53. The diaper 84 may have a pa.ir of conventional tape Pasteners S5 for securing the diaper about an infant during plac~nent. In othe.r respects, the diaper Tnay con-form to the ~tructure of the diaper described in connection with S Figs. 4 and S~
Th~ foregoing detailed description is given for clear-: ness o~ understandlng only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modi~ication~ will be obvious to those skilled in the art....................................... -~ 1 '' . , ':

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Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. An absorbent article, comprising: an absorbent pad having a front surface, and a fluid pervious, fibrous cover sheet fused to the front surface of the pad throughout a substantial portion of a longitudinally extending central fluid receiving region of the pad, said cover sheet being fused to the pad by a heated film of thermoplastic material intermediate the cover sheet and pad, with said film having a plurality of openings in the fluid receiving region of the pad communicating between the cover sheet and the pad, with said openings comprising perforations in the film enlarged by heating.

2. The article of claim 1 wherein the absorbent pad comprises a mass of fibers and the cover sheet is fused to fibers in the pad.

3. An absorbent article comprising: an absorbent pad assembly including an absorbent pad having a front surface, a back surface, a pair of side edges, and a pair of end edges, the pad assembly having a fluid per-vious top sheet covering at least a substantial portion of the front sur-face of said pad, a film of thermoplastic material intermediate and fused to the top sheet and pad in a region overlying the pad, said film having a plurality of perforations extending through the film, at least a part of said perforations being enlarged by heating in a fluid receiving area of the pad assembly in said region, and a fluid impervious backing sheet covering at least a substantial portion of the back surface of the pad.

4. The article of claim 3 wherein the enlarged perforations are spaced from side edges of the film.

5. The article of claim 3 wherein the enlarged perforations are spaced from end edges of the film.

6. The article of claim 4 wherein the enlarged perforations are spaced from end edges of the film, the film extends past the side and end edges of the pad, and the enlarged perforations are spaced from the side and end edges of the pad.

7. The article of claim 3 wherein the perforations extend substan-tidally throughout the width and length of said film.

8. The article of claim 3 wherein the marginal edges of the top sheet, film and backing sheet extend past the side and end edges of the pad, and the marginal edges of the sheets and film are fused together along the side and end edges of the pad.

9. The article of claim 3 wherein the pad assembly comprises a disposable diaper, and the enlarged perforations are located in at least a crotch region of the diaper.

10. The article of claim 3 wherein the top sheet comprises a nonwoven material having a weight approximately in the range of 7 to 14 grams/square yard.

11. The article of claim 3 wherein said film has a thickness of approximately 0.2 to 0.5 mils.