CA1061775A - Heat pipe with capillary groove and floating artery - Google Patents
Heat pipe with capillary groove and floating arteryInfo
- Publication number
- CA1061775A CA1061775A CA262,988A CA262988A CA1061775A CA 1061775 A CA1061775 A CA 1061775A CA 262988 A CA262988 A CA 262988A CA 1061775 A CA1061775 A CA 1061775A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- envelope
- artery
- working fluid
- defining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A multi-spline tool cuts material from the interior wall of a heat pipe envelope to provide a path for working fluid flow. Cross cuts can be made by pulling the tool out of the same end from which it was inserted while the tool continues to rotate in the same direction. An unrestrained liquid supply artery configured, for example as a cylinder of perforated metal, wire screen material, or other porous substance, with a designed flow area is inserted in the envelope. Since the artery is unrestrained, that is, not attached to the envelope, in a gravity field it will drop to the lower portion of the envelope inside diameter to assure a liquid flow at the bottom of the tube, regardless of the orientation of the heat pipe.
A multi-spline tool cuts material from the interior wall of a heat pipe envelope to provide a path for working fluid flow. Cross cuts can be made by pulling the tool out of the same end from which it was inserted while the tool continues to rotate in the same direction. An unrestrained liquid supply artery configured, for example as a cylinder of perforated metal, wire screen material, or other porous substance, with a designed flow area is inserted in the envelope. Since the artery is unrestrained, that is, not attached to the envelope, in a gravity field it will drop to the lower portion of the envelope inside diameter to assure a liquid flow at the bottom of the tube, regardless of the orientation of the heat pipe.
Description
~ 7'~
_ __ __
_ __ __
2 1. Field of the Invention
3 The present invention relates to means and method for
4 extending the inner surface of a heat pipe envelope and ~or assuring re~urn of condensate regardless of the orientation 6 of the heat pipe.
7 2. Description of the Prior Art 8 A heat pipe may be defined simply as an elongated 9 enclosure, which is sealed from the external environment, and which contains a working fluid. The working fluid is adapted 11 to evaporate at a hot end of the enclosure, to move as a vapor 12 to the colder end of the enclosure, to condense at the colder 13 end, and to flow back to the hotter end of the enclosure.
14 In oeder to provide for efficient operation of the heat pipe, it is necessary that the interior surface 16 of the envelope include a wick, such as of sintered material, 17 grooves, and the like. Such wicking has a single or double 18 function. One function is to permit efficient circumferential 19 wicking at the evaporation end of the envelope to distribute as much working fluid as possible about the inner pipe surface 21 for purposes of evaporation. Its other function is to act as 22 a conduit for supply of condensed liquid from the condensation 23 end to the evaporation end of the envelope. This latter function 24 i8 particularly important to prevent condensed liquid from being in the path of the vapor and vice-versa. Specifically, it is 26 preferable that the evaporated vapor move down the center 27 of the envelope while the condensate return along the exterior 28 portions thereof so as to form a unidirectional toroidal motion ~ ~ . ~
~' ` ' ` ' ' .
. .
;~ ` .
- .
., . ~ .
~ 7'~
1 and to prevent one from interferring with the other. In general, 2 the provision of means to accomplish such uninterrupted vapor-3 condensate flow results in a relatively expensive construction.
4 It 18, in part, for this reason specially ormed that groove~
have been placed in interior walls (e.g., United States Patent 6 ~,753,364) and partitions have been used with such grooves (e.g., 7 United States Patent 3,865,184), In other systems, special 8 material handling and sintering operations are required which 9 involve considerable expense.
ll SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ _ _ _ 12 The present invention overcomes these and other prob-1~ lems by providing for substantially radial, random scoring on 14 the interior surface of a heat pipe envelope with the addition of a floating artery which rests at the bottom of the tube at ~6 ail times under the influence of gravity.
17 It is, therefore, an object of the present invention 18 to provide for an inexpensive heat pipe.
19 Another object is to provide for an easily fabricated heat pipe.
21 Another object is to provide for a heat pipe which 22~ does not require a particular orientation of the heat pipe:
23 `Other aims and objects as well as a more complete under-24 standing of the present invention will appear from the following explanation of an exemplary embodiment and the accompanying 26 dra~ings thereof.
~ .
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1 BRIEF D~SCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
2 FIG. 1 is a view of a heat pipe with a portion 3 thereof partially cut away to show the interior thereof;
4 FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the heat pipe depicted in FIG. 1 taken along lines 2-2 thereof~ and 6 FIG. 3 iS an enlarged view of a section of the heat 7 pipe of FIG. 1 showing the substantially radial, random and 8 crisscrossing scoring of the interior wall surface thereof.
10. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
11 Accordingly, a heat pipe 10 comprises an envelope 12 12 which is sealed at both ends 14 and 16 to provide for a 13 completely enclosed system. Inserted within the heat pipe 14 is a working fluid 18 and a free floatin~ artery 20 which is designed to rest at the lower portion of the interior surface 16 22 of the heat pipe under the influence of gravity. The 17 interior of the heat pipe is scored with substantially radial, 18 criss-crossing grooves or scoring marks 24.
19 The formation of such scoring 24 may be made in any convient manner. The preferred method involves the insertion 21 of a multi-spline device or tool which cuts or removes the 22 material from the interior wall 24 to provide a path for 23 liquid flow of working 18. Due to the shallow depth and 24 ~idth of the cuts, multiplicity of cuts can be made, as illustrated in FIG. 3. A cross-cut configuration, as also 26 shown in FIG. 3, can be made by pulling the tool out of the 27 same end from which it was inserted while the tool continues 28 to rotate in the same direction. Such cutting or scoring - r . , ~ . ~
: ''';~ ' ` .
~ 4- .
~`' ' ' `
.
; : `
~ '7~
l multiplies the possibilities of liquid flow to provide circum-2 ferential wicking and increased evaporation of fluid from the 3 hotter end of the heat pipe.
4 Cutting of the material of envelope 12 i5 preferably accomplished by bonding a hardened cutting tip, such as of 6 silicon carbide, boron carbide, or aluminum oxide, on a brush 7 type multi-tip tool, or by utilizing a permanent or replaceable, 8 adjustable or stationary multi-cutting tool.
9 Because the cutting of tube interior 22 is circum-lO~ ferentiai and, therefore, symmetrical, unrestrained liquid ll supply artery 20 with a designed flow area can be inserted in 12 envelope 12 for either the complete or a partial length of 13 the tube. Of importance, it must be placed in the condenser 14 portion of heat pipe lO and extend at least partially into the evaporation section. It acts as a shield for preventing 16 condensed liquid from being in the path of the vapor, and vice-l? versa.
18 Since the artery is unrestrained, that is, it is l9 unsecured to envelope 12 and is freely moveable therein, within a gravity field it will drop to the lowest portion of the tube 21 inside diameter for assuring a liquid flow path at the bottom 22 of the heat pipe, as shown in FIGS. l and 2.
23 Preferrably, artery 20 is made of a perforated metal 4 sheet which may be rolled into a cylinderical or tubular fashion 80 as to provide a plurality of perforations or holes 26 therein.
26 Perforations 26 are used to permit artery 20 to breath and to ~ ` :
`~ ~ 27 prevene any accidental entrapment of bubbles therein which other-` , 28 wise might block the free flow of liquid. Alternate materials .
~`29 include wire screen ànd porous substances. ` ~ ~
' ` ' `
.
.
_ .
.,~.~,. .
iO~ t,~
1 Although the invention has been described with reference 2 to particular embodiments thereof, it should be realized that 3 various changes and modifications may be made therein without 4 departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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.
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,~ . --.~` . ' ' ' ' , . .::, , . . ,... , : , . . , - ,
7 2. Description of the Prior Art 8 A heat pipe may be defined simply as an elongated 9 enclosure, which is sealed from the external environment, and which contains a working fluid. The working fluid is adapted 11 to evaporate at a hot end of the enclosure, to move as a vapor 12 to the colder end of the enclosure, to condense at the colder 13 end, and to flow back to the hotter end of the enclosure.
14 In oeder to provide for efficient operation of the heat pipe, it is necessary that the interior surface 16 of the envelope include a wick, such as of sintered material, 17 grooves, and the like. Such wicking has a single or double 18 function. One function is to permit efficient circumferential 19 wicking at the evaporation end of the envelope to distribute as much working fluid as possible about the inner pipe surface 21 for purposes of evaporation. Its other function is to act as 22 a conduit for supply of condensed liquid from the condensation 23 end to the evaporation end of the envelope. This latter function 24 i8 particularly important to prevent condensed liquid from being in the path of the vapor and vice-versa. Specifically, it is 26 preferable that the evaporated vapor move down the center 27 of the envelope while the condensate return along the exterior 28 portions thereof so as to form a unidirectional toroidal motion ~ ~ . ~
~' ` ' ` ' ' .
. .
;~ ` .
- .
., . ~ .
~ 7'~
1 and to prevent one from interferring with the other. In general, 2 the provision of means to accomplish such uninterrupted vapor-3 condensate flow results in a relatively expensive construction.
4 It 18, in part, for this reason specially ormed that groove~
have been placed in interior walls (e.g., United States Patent 6 ~,753,364) and partitions have been used with such grooves (e.g., 7 United States Patent 3,865,184), In other systems, special 8 material handling and sintering operations are required which 9 involve considerable expense.
ll SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
_ _ _ _ 12 The present invention overcomes these and other prob-1~ lems by providing for substantially radial, random scoring on 14 the interior surface of a heat pipe envelope with the addition of a floating artery which rests at the bottom of the tube at ~6 ail times under the influence of gravity.
17 It is, therefore, an object of the present invention 18 to provide for an inexpensive heat pipe.
19 Another object is to provide for an easily fabricated heat pipe.
21 Another object is to provide for a heat pipe which 22~ does not require a particular orientation of the heat pipe:
23 `Other aims and objects as well as a more complete under-24 standing of the present invention will appear from the following explanation of an exemplary embodiment and the accompanying 26 dra~ings thereof.
~ .
f , ~ , .
, . .
, .- ., :, .
: ' ' , lOf~ '7'~
1 BRIEF D~SCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
2 FIG. 1 is a view of a heat pipe with a portion 3 thereof partially cut away to show the interior thereof;
4 FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the heat pipe depicted in FIG. 1 taken along lines 2-2 thereof~ and 6 FIG. 3 iS an enlarged view of a section of the heat 7 pipe of FIG. 1 showing the substantially radial, random and 8 crisscrossing scoring of the interior wall surface thereof.
10. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
11 Accordingly, a heat pipe 10 comprises an envelope 12 12 which is sealed at both ends 14 and 16 to provide for a 13 completely enclosed system. Inserted within the heat pipe 14 is a working fluid 18 and a free floatin~ artery 20 which is designed to rest at the lower portion of the interior surface 16 22 of the heat pipe under the influence of gravity. The 17 interior of the heat pipe is scored with substantially radial, 18 criss-crossing grooves or scoring marks 24.
19 The formation of such scoring 24 may be made in any convient manner. The preferred method involves the insertion 21 of a multi-spline device or tool which cuts or removes the 22 material from the interior wall 24 to provide a path for 23 liquid flow of working 18. Due to the shallow depth and 24 ~idth of the cuts, multiplicity of cuts can be made, as illustrated in FIG. 3. A cross-cut configuration, as also 26 shown in FIG. 3, can be made by pulling the tool out of the 27 same end from which it was inserted while the tool continues 28 to rotate in the same direction. Such cutting or scoring - r . , ~ . ~
: ''';~ ' ` .
~ 4- .
~`' ' ' `
.
; : `
~ '7~
l multiplies the possibilities of liquid flow to provide circum-2 ferential wicking and increased evaporation of fluid from the 3 hotter end of the heat pipe.
4 Cutting of the material of envelope 12 i5 preferably accomplished by bonding a hardened cutting tip, such as of 6 silicon carbide, boron carbide, or aluminum oxide, on a brush 7 type multi-tip tool, or by utilizing a permanent or replaceable, 8 adjustable or stationary multi-cutting tool.
9 Because the cutting of tube interior 22 is circum-lO~ ferentiai and, therefore, symmetrical, unrestrained liquid ll supply artery 20 with a designed flow area can be inserted in 12 envelope 12 for either the complete or a partial length of 13 the tube. Of importance, it must be placed in the condenser 14 portion of heat pipe lO and extend at least partially into the evaporation section. It acts as a shield for preventing 16 condensed liquid from being in the path of the vapor, and vice-l? versa.
18 Since the artery is unrestrained, that is, it is l9 unsecured to envelope 12 and is freely moveable therein, within a gravity field it will drop to the lowest portion of the tube 21 inside diameter for assuring a liquid flow path at the bottom 22 of the heat pipe, as shown in FIGS. l and 2.
23 Preferrably, artery 20 is made of a perforated metal 4 sheet which may be rolled into a cylinderical or tubular fashion 80 as to provide a plurality of perforations or holes 26 therein.
26 Perforations 26 are used to permit artery 20 to breath and to ~ ` :
`~ ~ 27 prevene any accidental entrapment of bubbles therein which other-` , 28 wise might block the free flow of liquid. Alternate materials .
~`29 include wire screen ànd porous substances. ` ~ ~
' ` ' `
.
.
_ .
.,~.~,. .
iO~ t,~
1 Although the invention has been described with reference 2 to particular embodiments thereof, it should be realized that 3 various changes and modifications may be made therein without 4 departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
-, . .
; ~ i ' .
.
LBSscp tlO4bl -j ' ~ '` '` , ':
.: .
,~ . --.~` . ' ' ' ' , . .::, , . . ,... , : , . . , - ,
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A heat pipe comprising an envelope sealed and closed from the environment external to said envelope, means for defining a working fluid therein for condensing and evapora-ting at opposed ends of said envelope, and means for defining an artery in said envelope and extending freely in an uncon-nected, thermally contacting manner through substantially the entire length of said envelope for conducting condensations of said working fluid from said condensing end to said evaporating end, said artery means including an exterior surface with means therein extending throughout the length of said artery means for enabling passage of said working fluid through said entire external surface.
2. A heat pipe as in claim 1 wherein said artery means comprises a cylinder having means along its length for defining perforations therein.
3. A heat pipe as in claim 1 wherein said artery means comprises a screen.
4. A heat pipe as in claim 1 wherein said artery means comprises porous material.
5. A heat pipe as in claim 1 wherein said envelope is provided with an interior surface and is disposed to lie substantially parallel to the force of gravity, and wherein said artery means rests on the bottom of the interior surface by gravity for assuring a flow path for the condensations.
6. A heat pipe as in claim 1 further including means for defining randomly scored, criss-crossing, substantially radial extending grooves on the interior surface of said envelope for providing a wicking path for adequately distributing the working fluid in said evaporating end.
7. A heat pipe as in claim 6 wherein said envelope comprises a cylindrical tube having a diameter and said artery means comprises a porous cylinder of lesser diameter than that of said cylindrical tube, said porous cylinder resting on the bottom of said interior surface under gravity, regardless of the orientation of the tube, for assuring a flow path at the bottom of said tube for the condensations.
8. A heat pipe as in claim 7 wherein said porous cylinder comprises a perforated metal sheet rolled into a cylindrical configuration.
9. A heat pipe as in claim 1 an interior surface in said envolope, and means in said surface for defining sub-stantially radial random grooves.
10. A heat pipe as in claim 9 wherein said groove means include random, criss-crossing grooves.
11. A heat pipe as in claim 9 wherein said free-floating artery rests on said surface under the influence of gravity.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/630,236 US4058159A (en) | 1975-11-10 | 1975-11-10 | Heat pipe with capillary groove and floating artery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1061775A true CA1061775A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
Family
ID=24526355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA262,988A Expired CA1061775A (en) | 1975-11-10 | 1976-10-08 | Heat pipe with capillary groove and floating artery |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4058159A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5259357A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1061775A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2337864A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1556479A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE424110B (en) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4326344A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1982-04-27 | Q-Dot Corporation | Laundry drying system and method |
| US4248295A (en) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-02-03 | Thermacore, Inc. | Freezable heat pipe |
| US4373132A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-02-08 | Haig Vartanian | External/internal heater for molding of plastics |
| US4489777A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1984-12-25 | Del Bagno Anthony C | Heat pipe having multiple integral wick structures |
| GB2117104A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-10-05 | Mahdjuri Sabet Faramarz | Heat pipe for collecting solar radiation |
| GB2127143A (en) * | 1982-09-07 | 1984-04-04 | G B P Holdings Limited | Heat pipe |
| GB2156505B (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1989-01-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| US4640347A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1987-02-03 | Q-Dot Corporation | Heat pipe |
| US4683940A (en) * | 1986-07-16 | 1987-08-04 | Thermacore, Inc. | Unidirectional heat pipe |
| US4693501A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1987-09-15 | American Standard Inc. | Refrigeration tubing joint |
| US4854379A (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-08-08 | Thermacore, Inc. | Vapor resistant arteries |
| DE3810128C1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-09-07 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen, De | |
| US5036908A (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1991-08-06 | Gas Research Institute | High inlet artery for thermosyphons |
| DE4219781C1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-09-16 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen, De | |
| US6167948B1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2001-01-02 | Novel Concepts, Inc. | Thin, planar heat spreader |
| US6397936B1 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2002-06-04 | Creare Inc. | Freeze-tolerant condenser for a closed-loop heat-transfer system |
| TW577969B (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2004-03-01 | Arro Superconducting Technolog | Vapor/liquid separated heat exchanging device |
| CN1955628A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-02 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Heat pipe |
| US20080073066A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. | Pulsating heat pipe with flexible artery mesh |
| CN101309573A (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-19 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Even heating board and heat radiating device |
| CN101398272A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Hot pipe |
| US8919427B2 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2014-12-30 | Chaun-Choung Technology Corp. | Long-acting heat pipe and corresponding manufacturing method |
| JP2010054121A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Variable conductance heat pipe |
| CN102003902A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-04-06 | 富瑞精密组件（昆山）有限公司 | Heat pipe manufacturing method |
| TWI458929B (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2014-11-01 | Foxconn Tech Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of heat pipe |
| CN103813695B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2016-08-17 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Hydrocone type heat abstractor |
| US10281218B2 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2019-05-07 | Tai-Her Yang | Heat-dissipating structure having suspended external tube and internally recycling heat transfer fluid and application apparatus |
| US10113808B2 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2018-10-30 | Tai-Her Yang | Heat-dissipating structure having suspended external tube and internally recycling heat transfer fluid and application apparatus |
| US11454456B2 (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2022-09-27 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Heat pipe with capillary structure |
| CN110220404A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2019-09-10 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Heat pipe |
| US20170122673A1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-04 | Acmecools Tech. Ltd. | Micro heat pipe and method of manufacturing micro heat pipe |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1275946A (en) * | 1969-01-28 | 1972-06-01 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Apparatus for the conduction or exchange of heat |
| US3621908A (en) * | 1970-09-04 | 1971-11-23 | Dynatherm Corp | Transporting thermal energy through a rotating device |
| US3865184A (en) * | 1971-02-08 | 1975-02-11 | Q Dot Corp | Heat pipe and method and apparatus for fabricating same |
| US4020898A (en) * | 1973-02-14 | 1977-05-03 | Q-Dot Corporation | Heat pipe and method and apparatus for fabricating same |
| US3892273A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1975-07-01 | Perkin Elmer Corp | Heat pipe lobar wicking arrangement |
| US3844342A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1974-10-29 | Trw Inc | Heat-pipe arterial priming device |
-
1975
- 1975-11-10 US US05/630,236 patent/US4058159A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-10-08 CA CA262,988A patent/CA1061775A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-19 GB GB43314/76A patent/GB1556479A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-25 SE SE7611834A patent/SE424110B/en unknown
- 1976-11-08 FR FR7633625A patent/FR2337864A1/en active Granted
- 1976-11-10 JP JP51134271A patent/JPS5259357A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2337864B1 (en) | 1980-08-01 |
| FR2337864A1 (en) | 1977-08-05 |
| SE424110B (en) | 1982-06-28 |
| US4058159A (en) | 1977-11-15 |
| SE7611834L (en) | 1977-05-11 |
| JPS5259357A (en) | 1977-05-16 |
| JPS5421577B2 (en) | 1979-07-31 |
| GB1556479A (en) | 1979-11-28 |
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