A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime Flash Website Design Download uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from Flash Website Design Download (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is Flash Website Design Download mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. Flash Website Design Download (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download Flash Website Design Download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the Flash Website Design Download work already Flash Website Design Download completed, and can optionally split the file to be Flash Website Design Download downloaded (or Flash Website Design Download uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which Flash Website Design Download are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process Flash Website Design Download faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server Flash Website Design Download capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given Flash Website Design Download to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things Flash Website Design Download that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing Flash Website Design Download the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple Flash Website Design Download rules (file types, Flash Website Design Download updated Flash Website Design Download files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled Flash Website Design Download downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for Flash Website Design Download mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to Flash Website Design Download download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download Flash Website Design Download managers are useful for active Internet Flash Website Design Download users. For dial-up users, they Flash Website Design Download can automatically Flash Website Design Download dial the Flash Website Design Download internet service provider at night, when Flash Website Design Download rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record Marathi Font Download which Flash Website Design Download links the user clicks on during the day, Soundtrack Mp3 Download and queue these files Flash Website Design Download for later download. For Flash Website Design Download broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically Flash Website Design Download downloading Flash Website Design Download whole sites and regularly updating them (see Flash Website Design Download Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other Flash Website Design Download information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer Ipod Mini Download is designed to Flash Website Design Download download entire websites.
Download Flash Website Design Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a Flash Website Design Download banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that Flash Website Design Download control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs Flash Website Design Download to them. A possible reason is Free Hindi Mp3 Songs Download increasing the control Flash Website Design Download over redistribution of Flash Website Design Download their software (even when Flash Website Design Download the software is freeware).In Ogm Codec Download computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. Flash Website Design Download They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of Flash Website Design Download another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is Flash Website Design Download in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its Flash Website Design Download main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example Flash Website Design Download of Flash Website Design Download a common Flash Website Design Download use Flash Website Design Download of these concepts is Flash Website Design Download a Flash Website Design Download Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One Flash Website Design Download such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such Flash Website Design Download connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is Flash Website Design Download running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected Flash Website Design Download to Internet via Flash Website Design Download a cable modem or an ADSL connection, Flash Website Design Download but may wish for Flash Website Design Download Outlook to be Flash Website Design Download Free Download Music Videos Htm off-line, so that it Flash Website Design Download makes no attempt to send Flash Website Design Download or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook Flash Website Design Download Download Game Boy Colour Emulator Games attempts Flash Website Design Download to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone Flash Website Design Download call from Flash Website Design Download the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a Flash Website Design Download hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of Flash Website Design Download the use of Flash Website Design Download these concepts is Flash Website Design Download in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization Flash Website Design Download master" device. Flash Website Design Download When the sync master Flash Website Design Download commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and Flash Website Design Download commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal Flash Website Design Download clock. When a large number of devices Flash Website Design Download are connected to a sync master, it is often Flash Website Design Download convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back Flash Website Design Download on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the Flash Website Design Download playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, Flash Website Design Download and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to Flash Website Design Download be in Flash Website Design Download Wall Hack Aim Bot Download either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to Flash Website Design Download fetch pages from servers whilst in Flash Website Design Download the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be Flash Website Design Download browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst Flash Website Design Download in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer Free Hindi Vedio Songs Download itself is also off-line, Flash Website Design Download with connection to Internet expensive or Flash Website Design Download impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into Flash Website Design Download the web browser's own cache, as a result of Flash Website Design Download prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by the browser Flash Website Design Download being Flash Website Design Download configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular Flash Website Design Download intervals or by checking that Flash Website Design Download the local copies are Flash Website Design Download up-to-date whenever the browser is switched Flash Website Design Download to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download Flash Website Design Download pages for offline browsing Flash Website Design Download is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, Flash Website Design Download they can be marked for being made "available Flash Website Design Download for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space Flash Website Design Download allowed Flash Website Design Download to be consumed, and Flash Website Design Download the schedule on which local Flash Website Design Download copies are checked to see Flash Website Design Download whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for Flash Website Design Download each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent Flash Website Design Download version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation Flash Website Design Download needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that Flash Website Design Download is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal Flash Website Design Download relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study Flash Website Design Download in the Flash Website Design Download field of Flash Website Design Download sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication Flash Website Design Download (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a Flash Website Design Download simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an Flash Website Design Download "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can Flash Website Design Download be Flash Website Design Download regarded Flash Website Design Download as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the Flash Website Design Download distinctions between Flash Website Design Download the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Flash Website Design Download Internet, and telephone Flash Website Design Download and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a Flash Website Design Download "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase Flash Website Design Download the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships Flash Website Design Download are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, Flash Website Design Download such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line Flash Website Design Download counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen Flash Website Design Download by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality Flash Website Design Download and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" Flash Website Design Download concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, Flash Website Design Download folders, and so Commodore Download forth) the other way around. Several Flash Website Design Download cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before Flash Website Design Download admitting a man into Heaven. Flash Website Design Download Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All Flash Website Design Download items are Flash Website Design Download actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as Flash Website Design Download Win98 Download Os you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise Flash Website Design Download may be Flash Website Design Download handled prior to purchase!". |
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