A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task Sierra Ford Manual Download of Sierra Ford Manual Download downloading (and Sierra Ford Manual Download sometime uploading) possibly Sierra Ford Manual Download unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This Sierra Ford Manual Download is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended Sierra Ford Manual Download to browse web Sierra Ford Manual Download pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving Sierra Ford Manual Download of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum Sierra Ford Manual Download provides means to recover from errors without losing the work already completed, Sierra Ford Manual Download and can Sierra Ford Manual Download optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which Sierra Ford Manual Download are then moved in parallel, potentially making the Sierra Ford Manual Download process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on Sierra Ford Manual Download the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are Sierra Ford Manual Download several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Sierra Ford Manual Download (especially Sierra Ford Manual Download for Sierra Ford Manual Download very Sierra Ford Manual Download large files).
Downloading Sierra Ford Manual Download files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically Sierra Ford Manual Download according to simple rules (file Sierra Ford Manual Download types, updated Sierra Ford Manual Download files, etc. - see also Offline Sierra Ford Manual Download Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads Sierra Ford Manual Download (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They Sierra Ford Manual Download can record which links the user clicks on during Sierra Ford Manual Download the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are Sierra Ford Manual Download not Sierra Ford Manual Download affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by Sierra Ford Manual Download automatically navigating a site and Sierra Ford Manual Download downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing Sierra Ford Manual Download mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly Winning System Software Free Download used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, Sierra Ford Manual Download such Sierra Ford Manual Download as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox Sierra Ford Manual Download VCR).
While download managers Sierra Ford Manual Download are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created Sierra Ford Manual Download to give Sierra Ford Manual Download that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading Sierra Ford Manual Download software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A Sierra Ford Manual Download possible reason Sierra Ford Manual Download is increasing the control Sierra Ford Manual Download over redistribution of their software (even when the software is Sierra Ford Manual Download freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard Sierra Ford Manual Download 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or Sierra Ford Manual Download of Sierra Ford Manual Download "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under Sierra Ford Manual Download the direct control Sierra Ford Manual Download of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is Sierra Ford Manual Download off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that can Sierra Ford Manual Download be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such Sierra Ford Manual Download MUA is Microsoft Sierra Ford Manual Download Outlook. When it is "on-line" it Sierra Ford Manual Download will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which Sierra Ford Manual Download it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from Sierra Ford Manual Download the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and Free Download Scan Remover Spyware the user may not wish Outlook Sierra Ford Manual Download to trigger making that call every 5 Free Spyware Blocking Software Download or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another Sierra Ford Manual Download example of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. Sierra Ford Manual Download A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the Sierra Ford Manual Download sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is Sierra Ford Manual Download often convenient, if one wants to hear just Sierra Ford Manual Download the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if Sierra Ford Manual Download the Sierra Ford Manual Download device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait Sierra Ford Manual Download for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI Sierra Ford Manual Download timecode, word sync, and recording system Sierra Ford Manual Download synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in Sierra Ford Manual Download either "on-line" or Sierra Ford Manual Download "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to Sierra Ford Manual Download fetch pages Sierra Ford Manual Download from Sierra Ford Manual Download servers whilst in the "on-line" state. In Sierra Ford Manual Download the "off-line" Sierra Ford Manual Download state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies Sierra Ford Manual Download of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst Sierra Ford Manual Download in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages Sierra Ford Manual Download are either downloaded Sierra Ford Manual Download implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result Sierra Ford Manual Download of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by Sierra Ford Manual Download the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, Sierra Ford Manual Download which it keeps updated Sierra Ford Manual Download when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the Christmas Download Music Sheet White local Sierra Ford Manual Download copies are up-to-date at regular intervals Sierra Ford Manual Download or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is Sierra Ford Manual Download switched Sierra Ford Manual Download to Sierra Ford Manual Download the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added Sierra Ford Manual Download to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Sierra Ford Manual Download Internet Sierra Ford Manual Download Explorer Sierra Ford Manual Download will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all Sierra Ford Manual Download of the pages that it Sierra Ford Manual Download links to. In Internet Sierra Ford Manual Download Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect Code Download Free Remove Spyware Tool links, the maximum amount Sierra Ford Manual Download of local disc space Sierra Ford Manual Download allowed to be consumed, and the schedule Sierra Ford Manual Download on which local Sierra Ford Manual Download copies Sierra Ford Manual Download are checked to Sierra Ford Manual Download see whether Sierra Ford Manual Download they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as Sierra Ford Manual Download "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most Sierra Ford Manual Download recent Sierra Ford Manual Download version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports Sierra Ford Manual Download single web page saving, but not Sierra Ford Manual Download browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human Sierra Ford Manual Download Free Full Download Championship Manager intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of Sierra Ford Manual Download human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study Sierra Ford Manual Download in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between Sierra Ford Manual Download computer-mediated communication and face-to-face Sierra Ford Manual Download communication (e.g. face Sierra Ford Manual Download time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is Sierra Ford Manual Download reality (e.g. real Sierra Ford Manual Download life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex Sierra Ford Manual Download than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, Sierra Ford Manual Download such as indulging in cybersex, and Sierra Ford Manual Download an "off-line" relationship, such Sierra Ford Manual Download as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded Sierra Ford Manual Download as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and Sierra Ford Manual Download that the blurring of Sierra Ford Manual Download the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA Sierra Ford Manual Download and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' Sierra Ford Manual Download meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal Microsoft Antispyware Beta Download Free and regulatory pressures Sierra Ford Manual Download to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase Sierra Ford Manual Download the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line Sierra Ford Manual Download relationships. He Sierra Ford Manual Download conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as Sierra Ford Manual Download business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line Sierra Ford Manual Download counterparts), although he states it Sierra Ford Manual Download to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual Sierra Ford Manual Download relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as Sierra Ford Manual Download reality is sometimes inverted, Sierra Ford Manual Download with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than Sierra Ford Manual Download (as per the Sierra Ford Manual Download conventions of the Free Download Championship Manager desktop Sierra Ford Manual Download metaphor with its Sierra Ford Manual Download desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have Sierra Ford Manual Download satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All Sierra Ford Manual Download items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as Sierra Ford Manual Download soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to Sierra Ford Manual Download purchase!". |
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