| A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and 1chess Free Program Download sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World 1chess Free Program Download Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a 1chess Free Program Download multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical 1chess Free Program Download download manager at a minimum provides 1chess Free Program Download means 1chess Free Program Download to recover from errors without losing the Harry Potter Book Download work already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers 1chess Free Program Download are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by 1chess Free Program Download all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things 1chess Free Program Download that 1chess Free Program Download some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads 1chess Free Program Download (especially for very 1chess Free Program Download large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading 1chess Free Program Download several 1chess Free Program Download files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and 1chess Free Program Download the handling of different connections to download the same 1chess Free Program Download file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually 1chess Free Program Download lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, 1chess Free Program Download and queue these files Bjork Download for later download. For broadband 1chess Free Program Download users, download managers 1chess Free Program Download can help download very large files 1chess Free Program Download by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by 1chess Free Program Download automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading 1chess Free Program Download whole sites San Andreas Strategy Guide Download and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See 1chess Free Program Download below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Download Lagu Baru Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed 1chess Free Program Download to give users greater control over 1chess Free Program Download downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control 1chess Free Program Download to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for 1chess Free Program Download downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control 1chess Free Program Download over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are 1chess Free Program Download states or 1chess Free Program Download conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, Cisco Configmaker Download a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of 1chess Free Program Download the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human 1chess Free Program Download intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in 1chess Free Program Download operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device 1chess Free Program Download that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a 1chess Free Program Download Mail User Agent that 1chess Free Program Download can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is 1chess Free Program Download "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt 1chess Free Program Download to 1chess Free Program Download make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have 1chess Free Program Download the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to 1chess Free Program Download be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from 1chess Free Program Download the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that 1chess Free Program Download call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of 1chess Free Program Download the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself 1chess Free Program Download to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When 1chess Free Program Download a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output The Simpsons Movie Download of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and 1chess Free Program Download wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common 1chess Free Program Download use of these concepts is 1chess Free Program Download a web browser that can be instructed to be in either 1chess Free Program Download "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the 1chess Free Program Download "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform 1chess Free Program Download offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using 1chess Free Program Download local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly 1chess Free Program Download by the browser being configured to keep local copies 1chess Free Program Download of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, 1chess Free Program Download either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being 1chess Free Program Download explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to 1chess Free Program Download local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See 1chess Free Program Download also:
Offline browsing known 1chess Free Program Download as "Offline favourites" was 1chess Free Program Download removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is 1chess Free Program Download off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject 1chess Free Program Download of study in the field of 1chess Free Program Download sociology.[7]
The distinction between 1chess Free Program Download "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. 1chess Free Program Download face 1chess Free Program Download time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far 1chess Free Program Download too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in 1chess Free Program Download relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, 1chess Free Program Download such 1chess Free Program Download as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also 1chess Free Program Download argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such 1chess Free Program Download as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and 1chess Free Program Download telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of 1chess Free Program Download Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are 1chess Free Program Download legal and regulatory pressures to reduce 1chess Free Program Download the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", 1chess Free Program Download stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" Hentai Games Direct Download as their off-line counterparts), although he states it Wmv To Mpeg Converter Download to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" 1chess Free Program Download within 10 years.[7]
The distinction 1chess Free Program Download where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is 1chess Free Program Download sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used 1chess Free Program Download to define and to explain "off-line" activities, 1chess Free Program Download rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash 1chess Free Program Download cans, folders, and 1chess Free Program Download so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the 1chess Free Program Download off-line store" where 1chess Free Program Download "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
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