A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to Free Password Download Sex browse web Free Password Download Sex pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, Free Password Download Sex where error-free moving of files for permanent storage Free Password Download Sex is of Free Password Download Sex secondary Free Password Download Sex importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from Free Password Download Sex errors without losing the work Free Password Download Sex already completed, and can optionally split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into Free Password Download Sex 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should Free Password Download Sex be Free Password Download Sex shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are Free Password Download Sex downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some Free Password Download Sex web browsers are not very good at. That's where the Free Password Download Sex download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very Free Password Download Sex large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically Free Password Download Sex according to simple rules (file types, updated files, Free Password Download Sex etc. Free Password Download Sex - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same Free Password Download Sex file more quickly Free Password Download Sex (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which Free Password Download Sex links the user clicks on during Free Password Download Sex the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download Free Password Download Sex very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are Free Password Download Sex not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site Free Password Download Sex and downloading Free Password Download Sex pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file Free Password Download Sex listing mirrors, checksums, Free Password Download Sex and other information useful Free Password Download Sex for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized Free Password Download Sex for a Free Password Download Sex certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire Free Password Download Sex websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and Free Password Download Sex stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users Free Password Download Sex greater control over downloads, some Free Password Download Sex downloaders are created Internet Exolorer Download to Free Password Download Sex give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, Free Password Download Sex for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders Free Password Download Sex for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this Free Password Download Sex increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control Free Password Download Sex over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, Free Password Download Sex on-line and off-line are defined by Free Password Download Sex Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or Free Password Download Sex of "a functional unit". To be considered Free Password Download Sex on-line, a device must Free Password Download Sex be at least one of:
"Under the Free Password Download Sex direct control of another device"
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"Functional and ready for service"
while a Free Password Download Sex device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", Free Password Download Sex and Free Password Download Sex is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail Free Password Download Sex User Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, Free Password Download Sex for example), Free Password Download Sex and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the Free Password Download Sex connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or Free Password Download Sex to Free Password Download Sex receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to Free Password Download Sex employ a dial-up connection on demand Free Password Download Sex (whenever Free Password Download Sex an application such as Outlook attempts to Free Password Download Sex make connection to a server), but the connection may be Free Password Download Sex an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may Free Password Download Sex not wish Free Password Download Sex Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another Free Password Download Sex example Free Password Download Sex of the use of these concepts is in the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is Free Password Download Sex "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" Free Password Download Sex device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to Free Password Download Sex the master and commences playing from the same point Free Password Download Sex in Free Password Download Sex the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large Free Password Download Sex number of devices Free Password Download Sex are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the Free Password Download Sex device is played back on-line all synchronized devices have Free Password Download Sex to locate the playback point and Free Password Download Sex wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI Free Password Download Sex timecode, word sync, and recording system Free Password Download Sex synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these Free Password Download Sex concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers Free Password Download Sex whilst in the "on-line" state. In Free Password Download Sex the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using Free Password Download Sex local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can Free Password Download Sex be useful Free Password Download Sex when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's Free Password Download Sex own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly by Free Password Download Sex the browser being configured to Free Password Download Sex keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either Free Password Download Sex by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at regular Free Password Download Sex intervals Free Password Download Sex or by checking that the Free Password Download Sex local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added Free Password Download Sex to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer Free Password Download Sex will download to local copies both the marked page Free Password Download Sex and, optionally, all of the pages that it links Free Password Download Sex to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see Free Password Download Sex whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most Free Password Download Sex recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now Free Password Download Sex supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage that Free Password Download Sex is not "available for immediate use on demand Free Password Download Sex by the system without Free Password Download Sex human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of Free Password Download Sex "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field Free Password Download Sex of human interpersonal Free Password Download Sex relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become Free Password Download Sex a subject of study in Free Password Download Sex the Free Password Download Sex field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. Free Password Download Sex "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states Free Password Download Sex that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than Free Password Download Sex a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such Free Password Download Sex as indulging Free Password Download Sex in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also Free Password Download Sex argues that even the Free Password Download Sex telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the Free Password Download Sex distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it Free Password Download Sex "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the Free Password Download Sex first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts Free Password Download Sex that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", Free Password Download Sex with a "general tendency Free Password Download Sex to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", Free Password Download Sex stressing, however, that this does not Free Password Download Sex mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He Free Password Download Sex conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned Free Password Download Sex to Free Password Download Sex on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their Free Password Download Sex off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual Free Password Download Sex relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 Free Password Download Sex years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen Free Password Download Sex as virtuality and Free Password Download Sex "off-line" Free Password Download Sex as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, Free Password Download Sex rather than (as per Free Password Download Sex the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its Free Password Download Sex desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other Free Password Download Sex way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Free Password Download Sex Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before Free Password Download Sex admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" Free Password Download Sex where "All items are actual Free Password Download Sex size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and Free Password Download Sex where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
