California Physicians' Service, which operates as Blue Shield of California, provides health insurance products and related services to some 3.4 million members in the state of California. The not-for-profit mutual organization's health plans include HMO, PPO, dental, and Medicaid or Medicare supplemental plans for individuals, families, and employer groups. Accidental death and dismemberment, executive medical reimbursement, life insurance, vision, and short-term health plans are provided by the company's Blue Shield of California Life & Health Insurance subsidiary. Blue Shield of California was established in 1939 and is an independent Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association member.